Ground-state Configuration Ionization Energy(eV) Group period 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1 ²S½ H Hydrogen 1.00794 (수소) 13.5984 1s -252.87℃ -259.14℃ 0.0899 g/l 2.20 알칼리 금속 알칼리 토금속 란티넘족 Product By JuHyeon Yu 2 ¹S0 He Helium 4.002602 (헬륨) 0.1785 g/l 24.5876 1s² -268.93℃ N/A 전이후 금속 전이 금속 악티늄족 3 ²S½ Li Lithium 6.941 (리튬) 5.3917 1s²2s 0.535 g/cm3 180.54℃ 1342℃ 0.98 ¹S0 Be Beryllium 9.012182 (베릴륨) 9.3227 1s²2s² 1.848 g/cm3 2470℃ 1287℃ 1.57 준금속 비금속 할로젠 5 ²P˚½ B Boron 10.811 (브롬) 1s²2s²2p 2.46 g/cm3 8.2980 4000℃ 2075℃ 2.04 6 ³P0 C Carbon 12.0107 (탄소) 1s²2s²2p² 2.26 g/cm3 11.2603 4027℃ 3550℃ 2.55 7 ⁴S˚3/2 N Nitrigen 14.0067 (질소) 1s²2s²2p³ 1.251 g/l 14.5341 -195.79℃ -210.1℃ 3.04 8 ³P2 O Oxygen 15.9994 (산소) s²2s²2p⁴ 13.6181 -182.9℃ -218.3℃ 1.429 g/l 3.44 9 ²P˚3/2 F Fluorine 18.9984032 (불소) 17.4228 s²2s²2p5 1.696 g/l -188.12℃ -219.6℃ 3.98 10 ¹S0 Ne Neon (네온) s²2s²2p6 21.5645 -248.59℃ 0.9 g/l -246.08℃ 비활성 기체 11 ²S½ Na Sodium 22.98977 (나트륨) 5.1391 [Ne]3s 0.968 g/cm3 97.72℃ 883℃ 0.93 12 ¹S0 Mg Magnesium 24.305 (마그네슘) [Ne]3s² 1.738 g/cm3 7.6462 1090℃ 650℃ 1.31 13 ²P˚½ Al Aluminum 26.981538 (알루미늄) [Ne]3s²3p 5.9858 660.32℃ 2.7 g/cm3 2519℃ 1.61 14 ³P0 Si Silicon 28.0855 (규소) [Ne]3s²3p² 2.33 g/cm3 8.1517 2.9X10³℃ 1414℃ 1.90 15 ⁴S˚3/2 P Phosphorus 30.973761 (인) [Ne]3s²3p³ 1.823 g/cm3 10.4867 280.5℃ 44.2℃ 2.19 16 ³P2 S Sulfur 32.065 (황) [Ne]3s²3p⁴ 1.96 g/cm3 10.3600 444.72℃ 115.21℃ 2.58 17 ²P˚3/2 Cl Chlorine 35.453 (염소) [Ne]3s²3p5 3.214 g/l 12.9676 -34.04℃ -101.5℃ 3.16 18 ¹S0 Ar Argon 39.948 (아르곤) [Ne]3s²3p6 1.784 g/l 15.7596 -185.8℃ -189.3℃ 19 ²S½ K Potassium 39.0983 (칼륨) 4.3407 [Ar]4s 0.856 g/cm3 63.38℃ 759℃ 0.82 20 ¹S0 Ca Calcium 40.078 (칼슘) [Ar]4s² 1.55 g/cm3 6.1132 1484℃ 842℃ 1.00 21 ²D3/2 Sc Scandium 44.955912 (스칸듐) [Ar]3d4s² 2.985 g/cm3 6.5615 2830℃ 1541℃ 1.36 22 ³F2 Ti Titanium 47.867 (타이타늄) [Ar]3d²4s² 4.507 g/cm3 6.8281 3287℃ 1668℃ 1.54 23 4F3/2 V Vanadium 50.9415 (바나듐) [Ar]3d³4s² 6.11 g/cm3 6.7462 3407℃ 1910℃ 1.63 24 7S₃ Cr Chromium 51.9961 (크로뮴) [Ar]3d54s 7.14 g/cm3 6.7665 2671℃ 1907℃ 1.66 25 6S5/2 Mn Manganese 54.938045 (망가니즈) [Ar]3d54s² 7.47 g/cm3 7.4340 2061℃ 1246℃ 1.55 26 5D₄ Fe Iron 55.845 (철) [Ar]3d64s² 7.874 g/cm3 7.9024 2861℃ 1538℃ 27 ⁴F9/2 Co Cobalt 58.933200 (코발트) [Ar]3d74s² 8.9 g/cm3 7.8810 2927℃ 1495℃ 1.88 28 ³F₄ Ni Nickel 58.6934 (니켈) [Ar]3d84s² 8.908 g/cm3 7.6398 2913℃ 1455℃ 1.91 29 ²S½ Cu Copper 63.546 (구리) [Ar]3d104s 8.92 g/cm3 7.7264 1084.62℃ 30 ¹S0 Zn Zinc 65.409 (아연) [Ar]3d104s² 9.3942 419.53℃ 907℃ 1.65 31 ²P˚½ Ga Gallium 69.723 (갈륨) [Ar]3d104s²4p 5.904 g/cm3 5.9993 29.76℃ 2204℃ 1.81 32 ³P0 Ge Germanium 72.64 (저마늄) [Ar]3d104s²4p² 5.323 g/cm3 7.8994 2820℃ 938.3℃ 2.01 33 ⁴S˚3/2 As Arsenic 74.92160 (비소) [Ar]3d104s²4p³ 5.727 g/cm3 9.7886 614℃ 817℃ 2.18 34 ³P2 Se Selenium 78.96 (셀레늄) [Ar]3d104s²4p⁴ 4.819 g/cm3 9.7524 685℃ 221℃ 35 ²P˚3/2 Br Bromine 79.904 (브로민) [Ar]3d104s²4p5 3.12 g/cm3 11.8138 -7.3℃ 2.96 59℃ 36 ¹S0 Kr Krypton 83.798 (크립톤) [Ar]3d104s²4p6 13.9996 -153.22℃ -157.36℃ 3.75 g/l 3.00 37 ²S½ Rb Rubidium 85.4678 (루비듐) 1.532 g/cm3 4.1771 [Kr]5s 39.31℃ 688℃ 38 ¹S0 Sr Strontium 87.62 (스트론튬) 5.6949 [Kr]5s² 2.63 g/cm3 1382℃ 777℃ 0.95 39 ²D3/2 Y Yttrium 88.90585 (이트륨) [Kr]4d5s² 4.472 g/cm3 6.2173 3345℃ 1526℃ 1.22 40 ³F2 Zr Zirconium (지르코늄) [Kr]4d²5s² 91.224 6.511 g/cm3 6.6339 4409℃ 1855℃ 1.33 41 6D2/1 Nb Niobium 92.90638 (나이오븀) [Kr]4d⁴5s 8.57 g/cm3 6.7589 4744℃ 2477℃ 1.6 42 7S₃ Mo Molybdenum (몰리브데넘) [Kr]4d55s 95.94 10.28 g/cm3 7.0924 4639℃ 2623℃ 2.16 43 6S5/2 Tc Technetium (테크네튬) [Kr]4d55s² (98) 11.5 g/cm3 7.28 4265℃ 2157℃ 1.9 44 5F5 Ru Ruthenium (루테늄) [Kr]4d75s 101.07 12.37 g/cm3 7.3605 4150℃ 2334℃ 2.2 45 ⁴F9/2 Rh Rhodium 102.90550 (로듐) [Kr]4d85s 12.45 g/cm3 7.4589 3695℃ 1964℃ 2.28 46 ¹S0 Pd Palladium 106.42 (팔라듐) [Kr]4d10 12.023 g/cm3 8.3369 1554.9℃ 2963℃ 47 ²S½ Ag Silver 107.8682 (은) [Kr]4d105s 10.49 g/cm3 7.5762 961.78℃ 2162℃ 1.93 48 ¹S0 Cd Cadmium (카드뮴) [Kr]4d105s² 112.411 8.65 g/cm3 8.9983 321.07℃ 767℃ 1.69 49 ²P˚½ In Indium (인듐) [Kr]4d105s²5p 114.818 7.31 g/cm3 5.7864 156.6℃ 2072℃ 1.78 50 ³P0 Sn Tin [Kr]4d105s²5p² 118.710 (주석) 7.3439 231.93℃ 2602℃ 1.96 51 ⁴S˚3/2 Sb Antimony (안티모니) [Kr]4d105s²5p³ 121.760 6.679 g/cm3 8.6084 630.63℃ 1587℃ 2.05 52 ³P2 Te Tellurium (텔루륨) [Kr]4d105s²5p⁴ 127.60 6.24 g/cm3 9.0096 449.51℃ 988℃ 2.1 53 ²P˚3/2 I Iodine [Kr]4d105s²5p5 126.90447 (아이오딘) 4.94 g/cm3 10.4513 184.3℃ 113.7℃ 54 ¹S0 Xe Xenon [Kr]4d105s²5p6 131.293 (제논) 12.1298 -111.8℃ 5.9 g/l -108℃ 55 ²S½ Cs Cesium 132.90545 (세슘) 3.8939 [Xe]6s 1.879 g/cm3 28.44℃ 861℃ 0.79 56 ¹S0 Ba Barium 137.327 (바륨) [Xe]6s² 3.51 g/cm3 5.2117 1870℃ 727℃ 0.89 72 ³F2 Hf Hafnium 178.49 (하프늄) [Xe]4f145d²6s² 13.31 g/cm3 6.8251 4603℃ 2233℃ 1.3 73 4F3/2 Ta Tantalum 180.9479 (탄탈럼) [Xe]4f145d³6s² 16.65 g/cm3 7.5496 5458℃ 3017℃ 1.5 74 5D0 W Tungsten 183.84 (텅스텐) [Xe]4f145d⁴6s² 19.25 g/cm3 7.8640 5555℃ 3422℃ 2.36 75 6S5/2 Re Rhenium 186.207 (레늄) [Xe]4f145d56s² 21.02 g/cm3 7.8335 5596℃ 3186℃ 76 5D₄ Os Osmium 190.23 (오스뮴) [Xe]4f145d66s² 22.59 g/cm3 8.4382 5012℃ 3033℃ 77 ⁴F9/2 Ir Iridium 192.217 (이리듐) [Xe]4f145d76s² 22.56 g/cm3 8.9670 4428℃ 2466℃ 78 ³D₃ Pt Platinum 195.078 (백금) [Xe]4f145d96s 21.09 g/cm3 8.9588 1768.3℃ 3825℃ 79 ²S½ Au Gold 196.96655 (금) [Xe]4f145d106s 9.2255 1064.18℃ 19.3 g/cm3 2856℃ 2.54 80 ¹S0 Hg Mercury 200.59 (수은) [Xe]4f145d106s² 13.534 g/cm3 10.4375 356.73℃ -38.83℃ 2.00 81 ²P˚½ Tl Thallium 204.3833 (탈륨) 6.1082 [Hg]6p 11.85 g/cm3 1473℃ 304℃ 1.62 82 P0 Pb Lead 207.2 (납) [Hg]6p² 11.34 g/cm3 7.4167 327.46℃ 1749℃ 2.33 83 ⁴S˚3/2 Bi Bismuth 208.98038 (비스무트) [Hg]6p³ 9.78 g/cm3 7.2855 271.3℃ 1564℃ 2.02 84 ³P2 Po Polonium (209) (폴로늄) [Hg]6p⁴ 9.196 g/cm3 8.414 962℃ 254℃ 2.0 85 ²P˚3/2 At Astatine (210) (아스타틴) [Hg]6p5 302℃ 86 ¹S0 Rn Radon (222) (라돈) 9.73 g/l 10.7485 [Hg]6p6 -61.7℃ -71℃ 87 ²S½ Fr Francium (223) (프랑슘) 4.0727 [Rn]7s 0.7 88 ¹S0 Ra Radium (226) (라듐) [Rn]7s² 5 g/cm3 5.2784 1737℃ 700℃ 0.9 104 ³F2? Rf Rutherfordium (261) (러더포튬) [Rn]5f146d²7s² 6.0 ? 105 Db Dubnium (262) (더브늄) 106 Sg Seaborgium (266) (시보귬) 107 Bh Bohrium (264) (보륨) 108 Hs Hassium (277) (하슘) 109 Mt Meitnerium (268) (마이트너륨) 110 Ds Darmstadtium (다름수타듐) (281) 111 Rg Roentgenium (280) (뢴트게늄) 112 Cn Copernicium (코페르니슘) (285) 113 Uut Ununtrium (284) (우눈트륨) 114 Uuq Ununquadium (289) (우눈쿼듐) 115 Uup Ununpentium (288) (우눈펜튬) 116 Uuh Ununhexium (293) (우눈헥슘) 117 Uus Ununseptium (294) (우눈셉튬) 118 Uuo Ununoctium (우누녹튬) Atomic Number Ground-state Level Symbol Name – En (Name – Kr) Atomic Weight Ground-state Configuration Ionization Energy(eV) Density Meltting Point Boilling Point Electronegativity 57 ²D3/2 La Lanthanum 138.9055 (란타넘) [Xe]5d6s² 6.146 g/cm3 5.5769 3464℃ 920℃ 1.10 58 ¹G˚₄ Ce Cerium 140.116 (세륨) [Xe]4f5d6s² 6.689 g/cm3 5.5387 3360℃ 798℃ 1.12 59 ⁴I˚9/2 Pr Praseodymium 140.90765 (프라세오디뮴) [Xe]4f³6s² 6.64 g/cm3 5.473 3290℃ 931℃ 1.13 60 5I₄ Nd Neodymium 144.24 (네오디뮴) [Xe]4f⁴6s² 7.01 g/cm3 5.5250 3.1X10³℃ 1021℃ 1.14 61 6H˚5/2 Pm Promethium (145) (프로메튬) [Xe]4f56s² 7.264 g/cm3 5.582 1.1X10³℃ 3X10³℃ 62 7F0 Sm Samarium 150.36 (사마륨) [Xe]4f66s² 7.353 g/cm3 5.6437 1803℃ 1072℃ 1.17 63 8S˚7/2 Eu Europium 151.964 (유로퓸) [Xe]4f76s² 5.224 g/cm3 5.6704 1527℃ 822℃ 1.2 64 9D˚2 Gd Gadolinium 157.25 (가돌리늄) [Xe]4f75d6s² 7.901 g/cm3 6.1498 3250℃ 1313℃ 1.20 65 6H˚15/2 Tb Terbium 158.92534 (터븀) [Xe]4f96s² 8.219 g/cm3 5.8638 3230℃ 1356℃ 66 5I8 Dy Dysprosium 162.500 (디스프로슘) [Xe]4f106s² 8.551 g/cm3 5.9389 2567℃ 1412℃ 67 4I˚15/2 Ho Holmium 164.93032 (홀뮴) [Xe]4f116s² 8.795 g/cm3 6.0215 2700℃ 1474℃ 1.23 68 ³H6 Er Erbium 167.259 (어븀) [Xe]4f126s² 9.066 g/cm3 6.1077 2868℃ 1497℃ 1.24 69 ²F˚7/2 Tm Thulium 168.93421 (툴륨) [Xe]4f136s² 9.321 g/cm3 6.1843 1950℃ 1545℃ 1.25 70 ¹S0 Yb Ytterbium 173.04 (이터븀) [Xe]4f146s² 6.57 g/cm3 6.2542 1196℃ 819℃ 1.1 71 ²D3/2 Lu Lutetium 174.967 (루테튬) [Xe]4f145d6s² 9.841 g/cm3 5.4259 3402℃ 1663℃ 1.27 89 ²D3/2 Ac Actinium (227) (악티늄) [Rn]6d7s² 10.07 g/cm3 5.17 3200℃ 1050℃ 90 ³F2 Th Thorium 232.0381 (토륨) [Rn]6d²7s² 11.724 g/cm3 6.3067 4820℃ 1750℃ 91 ⁴K11/2 Pa Protactinium 231.03588 (프로탁티늄) [Rn]5f²6d7s² 15.37 g/cm3 5.89 1572℃ 92 5L˚6 U Uranium 238.02891 (우라늄) [Rn]5f³6d7s² 19.05 g/cm3 6.1941 3927℃ 1135℃ 1.38 93 6L11/2 Np Neptunium (237) (넵투늄) [Rn]5f⁴6d7s² 20.45 g/cm3 6.2657 4X10³℃ 644℃ 94 7F0 Pu Plutonium (244) (플루토늄) [Rn]5f67s² 19.816 g/cm3 6.0260 640℃ 1.28 95 8S˚7/2 Am Americium (243) (아메리슘) [Rn]5f77s² 13.67 g/cm3 5.9738 2011℃ 1176℃ 96 9D˚2 Cm Curium (247) (퀴륨) [Rn]5f76d7s² 13.51 g/cm3 5.9914 3110℃ 1345℃ 97 6H˚15/2 Bk Berkelium (버클륨) [Rn]5f97s² 14.78 g/cm3 6.1979 98 5I8 Cf Californium (251) (켈리포늄) [Rn]5f107s² 15.1 g/cm3 6.2817 900℃ 99 ⁴I˚15/2 Es Einsteinium (아인슈타이늄) (252) [Rn]5f117s² 6.42 860℃ 100 ³H6 Fm Fermium (257) (페르뮴) [Rn]5f127s² 6.50 101 ²F˚7/2 Md Mendelevium (258) (멘델레븀) [Rn]5f137s² 6.58 827℃ 102 ¹S0 No Nobelium (259) (노벨륨) [Rn]5f147s² 6.65 103 ²P˚1/2? Lr Lawrencium (로렌슘) [Rn]5f147s²7p? 4.9 ? 1627℃