Chapter 2 Living Cells Overview Section 2.1: Basic Themes

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1 Chapter 2 Living Cells Overview Section 2.1: Basic Themes
Section 2.2: Structure of Prokaryotic Cells Section 2.3: Structure of Eukaryotic Cells Au: Biochemistry in Perspective and Biochemistry in the Lab are not mentioned in the slides. Should these be deleted?

2 2.1기초적 주제 (1) 물 친수성, 소수성 (그림2.1) 인지질, 이중층 폴리펩티드의 소수성곁사슬 (2) 세포막
선택적인 물리적 울타리(그림2.2) 인지질이중층, 막단백질 (3) 자기조립 자발적으로 형성 : 리보솜, 근절, 프로테오솜, 단백질의 접힘 (4) 분자기계 수많은 다중소단위복합체, 리보솜, 근절 운동단백질 (그림2.4): ATP, GTP가수분해 (5) 고분자의 밀집: 배제된 용적(그림2.5) (6) 신호전달: 신경전달물질, 호르몬, 수용,전달,반응과정

3 Section 2.1: Basic Themes Figure 2.1 Hydrophobic Interactions Between Water and a Nonpolar Substance Understanding of the biological context of biochemical processes is enhanced by examining six key concepts: From McKee and McKee, Biochemistry, International Fifth Edition, © 2012 by Oxford University Press

4 Section 2.1: Basic Themes Water Unique polar structure
Figure 2.1 Hydrophobic Interactions Between Water and a Nonpolar Substance Water Unique polar structure Among its most important properties is interaction with a wide range of substances From McKee and McKee, Biochemistry, International Fifth Edition, © 2012 by Oxford University Press

5 Section 2.1: Basic Themes Biological Membranes
Thin, flexible, and stable sheet-like structures Selective physical barrier Phospholipid bilayer with integral and peripheral membrane proteins Figure 2.2 Membrane Structure From McKee and McKee, Biochemistry, International Fifth Edition, © 2012 by Oxford University Press

6 Section 2.1: Basic Themes Self-Assembly Molecular Machines
Many biomolecules spontaneously undergo self-assembly into supermolecular structures Molecular Machines Many multisubunit complexes involved in cellular processes function as molecular machines Figure 2.4 Biological Machines From McKee and McKee, Biochemistry, International Fifth Edition, © 2012 by Oxford University Press

7 Macromolecular Crowding
Section 2.1: Basic Themes Figure 2.5 Volume Exclusion Macromolecular Crowding The interior space within cells is dense and crowded The excluded volume may be between 20% and 40% Signal Transduction Reception, transduction, and response From McKee and McKee, Biochemistry, International Fifth Edition, © 2012 by Oxford University Press

8 생물계 원핵세포, 진핵세포 3개 영역: 박테리아, 원시균, 진핵생물 1)박테리아 2) 원시균
-극한미생물, 극한효소, 생물교정(bioremediation) 3) 진핵생물 -나머지 종 (그림1.3) 크기 -복잡성; 세포소기관 다세포성 4) 바이러스 -형질도입

9 2.2 원핵세포의 구조 -크기, 모양 등 세포벽 (그림2.7) 펩티도글리칸 세포밖의 글리코칼릭스 (점액층 혹은 캡슐) 그람염색
(2) 원형질막 (그림2.8) - 삼투압장벽 광합성, 호흡 (3) 세포질 (그림2.9) 염색체를 포함한 핵양체 (nucleoid) 플라스미드 (4) 섬모와 편모 외부 부속기관 섬모 (그림2.10), 편모 (그림2.11) :운동단백질

10 Section 2.2: Structure of Prokaryotic Cells
Figure 2.6 Typical Bacterial Cell Prokaryotes include bacteria and archaea They have common features: cell wall, plasma membranes, circular DNA, and no membrane-bound organelles From McKee and McKee, Biochemistry, International Fifth Edition, © 2012 by Oxford University Press

11 Section 2.2: Structure of Prokaryotic Cells
Figure 2.7 Bacterial Cell From McKee and McKee, Biochemistry, International Fifth Edition, © 2012 by Oxford University Press

12 Section 2.2: Structure of Prokaryotic Cells
Cell Wall The prokaryotic cell wall is a complex semi-rigid structure primarily for support and protection The cell wall is primarily composed of peptidoglycan Figure 2.7 Bacterial Cell From McKee and McKee, Biochemistry, International Fifth Edition, © 2012 by Oxford University Press

13 Section 2.2: Structure of Prokaryotic Cells
Figure 2.8 Bacterial Plasma Membrane Plasma Membrane Directly inside the cell wall is the plasma membrane, a phospholipid bilayer A selectively permeable membrane that may be involved in photosynthesis or respiration From McKee and McKee, Biochemistry, International Fifth Edition, © 2012 by Oxford University Press

14 Section 2.2: Structure of Prokaryotic Cells
Cytoplasm Prokaryotic cells do have functional compartments Nucleoid, which is centrally located and contains the circular chromosome Also contains small DNA plasmids Inclusion bodies are large granules that contain organic or inorganic compounds Figure 2.9 Bacterial Cytoplasm From McKee and McKee, Biochemistry, International Fifth Edition, © 2012 by Oxford University Press

15 Section 2.2: Structure of Prokaryotic Cells
Figure 2.6 Typical Bacterial Cell Pili and Flagella Many bacteria have external appendages Pili (pilus) are for attachment and sex Flagella (flagellum) are used for locomotion From McKee and McKee, Biochemistry, International Fifth Edition, © 2012 by Oxford University Press