BIOS, CMOS Virtual MEMORY

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1 BIOS, CMOS Virtual MEMORY
인터넷미디어공학부 배지태

2 BIOS Definition What is BIOS? BIOS Functions BIOS Sequence CMOS Definition CMOS Setup Changing Settings through CMOS Virtual Memory

3 BIOS Definition Short for Basic Input/Output System, BIOS is a chip located on all computer motherboards that contains instructions and setup for how your system should boot and how it operates Instruction 명령(어) / setup 준비, 세트업 / operate 작동하다 Rom with BIOS

4 What is BIOS? BIOS is the first program accessed by the processor during start up to ensure that all the other basic programs, hard drives, ports, peripherals and the central processing unit are in good working condition. BIOS is different from the computer's operating system . Peripherals 주변장치 / working condition 동작상태

5 What is BIOS? The operating system resides in the hard drive and provides the user interface that can be seen on the screen after start up. The BIOS program can be found right in a flash memory chip or ROM located in the motherboard. It is the basic requirement for booting a computer Virtually 사실상, 실질적으로 / Make sure 확인하다, 반드시 ~하다

6 BIOS Functions Its most important task is to load the operating system. BIOS provides the microprocessor its first instructions upon activating the computer. The instructions of the BIOS to the microprocessor during start up are the following

7 BIOS Functions A power-on self-test (POST) for all of the different hardware components in the system to make sure everything is working properly Activating other BIOS chips on different cards installed in the computer - For example, SCSI and graphics cards 메인보드에 연결된 각종 장치들의 오류를 점검하는 기능입니다.(초기에 부팅하면 뜨는것들이죠.) POST는 컴퓨터에 전원이 공급되었을 때, 컴퓨터 키보드, 램, 디스크 드라이브 그리고 기타 하드웨어 등이 바르게 동작하는지를 확인하기 위해, 컴퓨터 BIOS가 동작시키는 일련의 진단 시험 과정이다. SCSI 주변기기를 컴퓨터에 연결할때, 직렬 방식으로 연결하기 위한 표준 (Small computer system Interface)

8 BIOS Functions Management of computer peripherals through low level routines during the start-up process . They manage things like the keyboard, the screen, and the serial and parallel ports Management of clock, hard drive and other setting Routine 통로, 루틴(어떤 작업에 대한 일련의 명령군; 완성된 프로그램) Manage 관리

9 BIOS Sequence Check the CMOS Setup for custom settings
Load the interrupt handlers and device drivers Initialize registers and power management Perform the power-on self-test (POST) Display system settings Determine which devices are bootable Initiate the boot sequence The first thing the BIOS does is check the information stored in a tiny (64 bytes) amount of RAM located on a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) chip. The CMOS Setup provides detailed information particular to your system and can be altered as your system changes. The BIOS uses this information to modify or supplement its default programming as needed. Interrupt handlers are small pieces of software that act as translators between the hardware components and the operating system. For example, when you press a key on your keyboard, the signal is sent to the keyboard interrupt handler, which tells the CPU what it is and passes it on to the operating system. The device drivers are other pieces of software that identify the base hardware components such as keyboard, mouse, hard drive and floppy drive. Since the BIOS is constantly intercepting signals to and from the hardware, it is usually copied, or shadowed, into RAM to run faster 3. 레지스터를 초기화 하고 파워를 관리한다 7. 부팅순서대로 시작한다

10 CMOS CMOS is short for Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor. CMOS is an on-board semiconductor chip powered by a CMOS battery that stores information such as the system time and system settings for your computer 중화 금속 산화 반도체

11 CMOS Battery The standard life time of a CMOS battery is around 10 Years

12 Changing Settings through CMOS
Setting the system date and time as well as changing the boot sequence, plug and play settings, driver configurations, memory settings, password settings, and power settings are just some of the settings that can be changed on this page. 부팅시 BIOS는 CMOS의 수정된 정보를 확인하여 BIOS를 업데이트 합니다

13 CMOS Setup AMI BIOS

14 CMOS Setup Phoenix

15 CMOS Setup Phoenix

16 CMOS Setup Phoenix BIOS

17 CMOS Setup Phoenix BIOS

18 CMOS Setup System Time/Date - Set the system time and date
Boot Sequence - The order that BIOS will try to load the operating system Plug and Play - A standard for auto-detecting connected devices; should be set to "Yes" if your computer and operating system both support it Mouse/Keyboard - "Enable Num Lock," "Enable the Keyboard," "Auto-Detect Mouse"... Drive Configuration - Configure hard drives, CD-ROM and floppy drives Memory - Direct the BIOS to shadow to a specific memory address Security - Set a password for accessing the computer Power Management - Select whether to use power management, as well as set the amount of time for standby and suspend Exit - Save your changes, discard your changes or restore default settings

19 Virtual Memory Virtual memory is a method of using the computer hard disk drive to provide extra memory for the computer. Segments of memory are stored on the hard disk drive known as pages. When a segment of memory is requested that is not in memory it is moved from the virtual memory to an actual memory address.  가상 메모리란, 추가적으로 메모리를 제공하기 위한 하드디스크 사용 기법이다. 페이지라 불리는 메모리의 세그먼트는 하드디스크에 저장된다 메모리의 세그먼트가 요청될 때 가상메모리에서 실제 메모리 로 이동하게 된다

20 Virtual Memory The area of the hard disk that stores the RAM image is called a page file. It holds pages of RAM on the hard disk, and the operating system moves data back and forth between the page file and RAM 동시에 여러 개의 application을 실행할 경우 램이 부족하면 더 이상 application을 실행 할 수 없습니다. 이런 경우에 가상메모리를 사용하여 더 유용하게 사용하도록 합니다. 과거에는 메모리의 용량이 적어 Virtual Memory를 설정하면 더 유용 면이 있었지만 현재는 기본 메모리가 1GByte이상이므로 Virtual 메모리를 사용할 필요가 없습니다

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