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Case presentation
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Name : 김 O O Age/Sex : 64 / M Chief complaint : ant. chest pain
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Present Illness 상기 환자 내원 3년전 HTN진단받고 medication 하던 환자로 평소 dyspnea나 chest discomfort 없었으나 내원 당일 오전 11시경 차타고 이동하던 중 갑자기 chest pain (찢어지는듯한 통증) 발생하여 동아병원 내원하여 시행한 EKG 상 Lead Ⅱ,Ⅲ, avF에서 ST elevation 소견 관찰되어 이에 대한 further management위해 내원함. Brain CT, CTA, MRI, MRA 상 특이소견 없음
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Past History Family History None DM/HTN/Hepatitis/Tbc : (-/+/-/-)
op hx.(-) Smoking /drinking : (+/-) Medication (-) Family History None
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Review of System ▶ General appearance ▶ Skin ▶ Head & Neck
acute ill looking appearance Mental state - Alert ▶ Skin -no skin lesion -no skin color change -no hair change ▶ Head & Neck no headache no neck mass no neck stiffness
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▶ Nose ▶ Eye ▶ Oropharynx ▶ Ear no discharge no visual disturbance
no eye pain no discharge ▶ Ear no hearing disturbance no vertigo no tinnitus no otalgia no otorrhea ▶ Nose no discharge no bleeding no obstruction ▶ Oropharynx no voice change no pain no ulceration no mass
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▶ Gastrointestinal system
no jaundice no dysphagia no diarrhea no abdominal mass no epigastric pain no melena ▶ Genitourinary system no pain no infertility ▶ Respiratory system no dyspnea no hemoptysis no cough no chest pain no TB ▶ Cardiovascular system no palpitation chest pain no cyanosis of lip
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▶ Musculoskeletal system
▶ Renal system no frequency no red urine no nocturia no flank pain ▶ Neurologic system no headache no loss of consciousness no tremor no convulsion ▶ Musculoskeletal system no joint pain no muscle pain no deformity ▶ Peripheral vascular system no edema no pain no ulcer no pulsation no varicose vein 8
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Physical examination Vital sign Eye ENT M/S Chest Head & neck Skin
BP /100mmHg PR 회/min RR 회/min BT °C M/S Alert Head & neck N-C Skin Color pinkish Eye N-C ENT Chest Bilateral symmetrical expansion Clear breath sound Regular heartbeat without murmur
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Physical examination Abdomen Extremities Abdomen distension (-)
Intact bowel sounds Tenderness (-) Rebound tenderness (-) Extremities Deformity (-) Edema (-)
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Impression 1.STEMI 2.Variant angina 3.Acute pericarditis
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Diagnostic Plan 1.EKG 2.Laboratory study 3.Chest X-ray 4.Coronary angiography
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EKG
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Lab Finding CBC (WBC/Hb/PLT)
4300/uL / 10.3g/dl / 179k/uL Na/K/glucose mEq/L /4.2 mEq/L / 117.5mg/dL BUN/Cr mg/dL / 1.3 mg/dL (7.8-22/ ) LFT Albumin g/dL (3.5-5) total bilirubin mg/dL ( ) AST U/L (5-40) ALT U/L (5-40) 14
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Lab Findings Serum cardiac biomarker PT(INR)/aPTT 11.1(0.94)/27.5 U/A
CK U/L (26-200) CK-MB ng/mL (0-6.73) Troponin-T ng/mL ( ) PT(INR)/aPTT 11.1(0.94)/27.5 U/A N-C
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Chest X-ray Aorta가 비틀린 것 외에 특이소견 보이지 않음. 16
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Coronary angiography 위쪽엔 Lat. Ramus의 near total occlusion 소견이 보이고 아래쪽엔 distal RCA가 calcification과 함께 30%정도의 stenosis를 보인다
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Final Diagnosis STEMI 30분 이상 지속되는 가슴통증과 발한을 보이고있었고, EKG상 2,3,aVF.등에서 ST elevation보였으며 CAG상 RCA occlusion소견으로 ST segment elevation MI로 진단하였고, 이미 15년 전 진단받은 DM
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Therapeutic Plan Infarct size의 감소를 위해 Fibrinolysis를 실시하지 않고 응급으로 바로 PCI를 시행하여 , 단기 및 장기예후가 더 좋다.
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Case review STEMI
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ACS(acute coronary syndrome) :혈전에 의한 급성 관상동 맥폐쇄로 나타나는 증후군
1.기전 ACS(acute coronary syndrome) :혈전에 의한 급성 관상동 맥폐쇄로 나타나는 증후군 ST elevation STEMI No ST elevation NSTEMI unstable angina Cardiac marker 상승 Cardiac marker 상승 X
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2. 임상양상 Chest pain(m/c) : 보통 20분이상 지속적인 둔통으로 heavy, pressing, crushing, squeezing, radiation – left arm(m/c), shoulders, neck, jaw, teeth, epigastrium, and interscapular areas 30분 이상 지속되는 substernal pain과 diaphoresis시 AMI를 강력히 의심 안면창백, 발한, 손발 차가움 배꼽아래로는 radiation되지 않음
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진단 EKG Serum cardiac biomarkers Cardiac imaging
New ST elevation : V2~3>=0.2mV, 나머지 lead>=0.1mV New ST depression and/or T inversion 시간에 따른 변화 : tall T wave -> ST elevation-> T wave inversion -> Qwave, ST normalization Serum cardiac biomarkers Troponin-I,T(0~0.4, 0~0.1) CK-MB isozyme Myoglobin, LD Cardiac imaging Echocardiography, MRI, CT
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치료 Emergency Department
AMI 의심시 일단 aspirin 및 hypoxia존재시 O2 공급(2–4 L/min) 흉통조절 –sublingual NG,morphine IV,β-blocker ST-elevation 존재시 reperfusion Tx시행 Primary PCI Fibrinolysis 기타 – ACEi : aspirin, β-blocker 효과에 더하여 추가적으로 사 망률을 감소시킴
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