우경식 wooks@kangwon.ac.kr 지질유산학 Geoheritages 우경식 wooks@kangwon.ac.kr

What is nature? 자연이란

We are genetically predisposed to see animated features…

…and not to see inanimated features

(abiotic or geological elements) but rocks (abiotic or geological elements) are also part of nature

Geological elements are an important part of our natural environment.

since the beginning of humanity. They have been used as a resource since the beginning of humanity.

elements draw our attention and interest Some geological elements draw our attention and interest

…and we would like to enjoy them and preserve them for future generations

GEOLOGY: What is that? Geology: the science that deals with the Earth's physical structure and substance, its history, and the processes that act on it. Volcanoes, earthquakes, fossils, rocks, mineral exploration, dinosaurs!

보전, 보존과 보호 보호(Protection) 보전(Conservation) vs. 보존(Preservation) 국내 사례 문화재청(천연기념물, 문화재자료) 광역지자체(시도지정문화재) 환경부(국가지질공원, 국립공원?) 국제 사례 세계자연유산 세계지질공원

Geoconservation Various measures for protection National parks Natural monuments Man and biosphere SSSI: Special Sites of Scientific Interests Ramsa sites, etc.

HERITAGE: What is that? An inheritance; property that may be inherited. A tradition; something that can be passed down from preceding generations A birthright; the status acquired by birth, especially of but not exclusive to the firstborn. Having a certain background, such as growing up with a second language. Intangible heritage Tangible heritage Renewable vs. nonrenewable

Heritages Cultural heritage - a nation or group's historic monuments, museum collections, etc. Natural heritage - a nation's fauna and flora, natural resources, and landscape (rocks, minerals, soils, water, etc.) Intangible heritage - tradition, customs and practices inherited from ancestors

Industrial Age of Coal and Oil HERITAGE & GEOLOGY Consider the Great Ages of Humanity Industrial Age of Coal and Oil Bronze Age Iron Age Silicon Age Mycenae, Greece Consider where human civilization thrived, where and how trade and trade routes developed, why wars developed. Past generations were very much aware of the link between Earth & Humanity.

The 5 new “GEOs” that have emerged during the last two decades: Geodiversity (지질다양성): variety, frequency and distribution of natural abiotic elements and processes (abiotic equivalent to biodiversity) Geoheritage(지질유산): selection of natural abiotic elements and processes which are the objective of geoconservation (abiotic equivalent to listed and to-be-protected species, habitats and ecosystems). - Geosite (지질명소) ; is not to search for token ‘est sites’: It is to identify natural networks of sites that represent geodiversity (Cleal et al., 2001). - Geotope; distinct parts of the geosphere of outstanding geological and geomorphological interest (Stürm, 1994) 3. Geoconservation(지질보전): strategies, programmes and actions towards the conservation of geodiversity and geoheritage (abiotic equivalent to bioconservation or the conservation of species, habitats and ecosystems) 4. Geopark(지질공원): a management system for geoconservation (abiotic equivalent to Biosphere Reserve) 5. Geotourism(지질관광): tourism oriented to natural abiotic elements and processes (abiotic equivalent to ecotourism)

Geoheritage Values Essential elements of Earth system Cultural values: Myths, anthropogenetic & historical values Aesthetic values: Landscapes, geotourism, leisure activities, artistic inspiration Economic values: Mineral & other resources, energy Scientific/educational values: Geological processes, scientific discovery, Earth history, environmental monitoring, edutainment & practice

Geodiversity includes ALL geological elements, not only those with special interest (geoheritage), but also those without any special interest (the rest of the elements). Geodiversity and geoheritage are different concepts (but with several connections): - All territories have geological elements - Territories with important geoheritage may have very low geodiversity. - Territories with high geodiversity may have no important geoheritage. - Territories with low geodiversity may have more geoheritage than others with high geodiversity.

Relationships between geodiversity and biodiversity National Park Service, 2003; Cottle, 2004; English Nature, 2004; Larwood, 2004; Humphries & Donnelly, 2004; Gray, 2011 The geological evolution of an area wholly or partially determines its relief (topography), water bodies, fertility, landscape, rock outcrops, erosion of soils and rock, susceptibility to colonization by certain plant species, and many other governing factors that determine the existence of life forms. Geodiversity fully underpins and conditions biodiversity: - less geodiversity implies less biodiversity - more geodiversity implies more biodiversity Biological activity influences the geological conditions and processes of an area: erosion, slope stability, and fluvial dynamics. The relationship between geodiversity and biodiversity is temporally dependent: - Geodiversity reflects successive geological phenomena acting over a long period in a given space (we just see the last frame of the movie) - Biodiversity has a relatively limited ability to modify geodiversity over a short time period

A site with geological interest GEOTOPE & GEOSITE A site with geological interest Interest => value => heritage Site with geological elements with enough value or interest (unique significance) to consider it as geological heritage Geotope & Geosite: geological heritage which is not mobile or portable Type of value:- scientific/intrinsic - educational/teaching (or interest) - cultural/historical - aesthetic/landscape - economic - misthic/religious - folklore (legends) - etc… The main values of natural heritage are intrinsic (maintenance of functions, processes, cycles, etc.) and scientific (record of information on those events, processes and their evolution). The other values of natural heritage result from human considerations => all values can change with time (e.g., biodiversity now vs. a century ago). Site => Surface with boundaries => Locate on a map => GIS

생태관광과 지질관광(위키백과) 지질관광 생태관광 보호지역 관광 단체관광이 아닌 소수의 관광 생태보전 지역발전 동물, 식물, 문화유산 지역을 중심으로 한 관광으로 지질학적 특징, 지형에 의한 경관, 생물 및 생태환경, 고고학, 문화, 역사, 요리, 예술 등을 모두 포함 지역을 보호하며 지속유지발전을 추구 생태관광 지질관광 Ecotourism is responsible travel to fragile, pristine, and usually protected areas that strive to be low impact and (often) small scale (as an alternative to mass tourism). Its purpose is to educate the traveler; provide funds for ecological conservation; directly benefit the economic development and political empowerment of local communities; and foster respect for different cultures and for human rights. Generally, ecotourism focuses on volunteering, or voluntourism, personal growth and environmental responsibility. Ecotourism typically involves travel to destinations where flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the primary attractions. One of the goals of ecotourism is to offer tourists insight into the impact of human beings on the environment, and to foster a greater appreciation of our natural habitats. Geotourism is "best practice" tourism that sustains, or even enhances, the geographical character of a place, such as its culture, environment, heritage, and the well-being of its residents. National Geographic senior editor Jonathan B. Tourtellot and his wife, Sally Bensusen, coined the term in 1997 in response to requests for a term and concept more encompassing than ecotourism and sustainable tourism.[2] Like ecotourism, geotourism promotes a virtuous circle whereby tourism revenues provide a local incentive to protect what tourists are coming to see, but extends the principle beyond nature and ecology to incorporate all characteristics that contribute to sense of place, such as historic structures, living and traditional culture, landscapes, cuisine, arts and artisanry, as well as local flora and fauna. Geotourism incorporates sustainability principles, but in addition to the do-no-harm ethic, geotourism focuses on the place as a whole.

섬이 많은 우리나라? 동해와 서해의 차이?

갯벌과 해빈?

일반인에게 독도란?

동해의 작은 섬

울릉도-독도 주변 해저지형 울릉도 독도 자료제공: 한국해양연구원

지질유산학의 필요성 2007 세계자연유산 2010 세계지질공원 2012 국가지질공원 IUCN(International Union of Conservation for Nature)의 입장 선진국과 후진국의 차이

지질유산학의 필요성 지질유산의 보전 지질유산의 활용 지질유산의 교육 (geoeducation) 지질관광 (geotourism) 지속유지가 가능한 개발 (sustainable development)

강의내용 서언과 세계자연유산 (2주) 제 1발표 (2주) 지질공원, 세계자연유산과 지질공원의 차이 (2주) 제 2발표 (2주) 자연사박물관과 전시관 (1주) 동굴전시관과 방문객센터 (1주) 제 3발표 (2주) 지질관광-설명표지판 (1주) 지질모니터링 (1주) 제 4발표 (1주)

강의 평가 자료 수집 및 발표 (인터넷자료) 2인 1조로 구성, 모두 네 번의 프로젝트 제 1발표 : 세계자연유산 제 2발표 : 세계지질공원 제 3발표 : 자연사박물관 제 4발표 : 설명표지판 제작 제 1~3발표 : 각 조당 15분씩 제 4발표 : 개인 당 5분씩 (설명표지판 2개)