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Trabeculectomy in Aphakic patients

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1 Trabeculectomy in Aphakic patients
<Case conference> Trabeculectomy in Aphakic patients 서울성모병원 안과 R2 정수경/pf.안명덕

2 C/C for management of uncontrolled IOP(OD) P/Hx
권 O 진 M/57 C/C for management of uncontrolled IOP(OD) P/Hx ECCE (OU) 25 yrs ago at local clinic Aphakic bullous keratopathy(OS) Eyedrops: O-COST x2, O-BMDP x2, O-BMT x hs/OU ATZ 2T #2 Use of eyedrops for 9 yrs (Timoptic x2)

3 Ocular exam VA OD/OS 0.04(0.5x +10.00Ds)/ 0.02(0.125x+10.0Ds)
IOP OD/OS 21/20 mmHg at 4:45pm EOM straight at 1 position by H-test, no LOM Orbit no exophthalmos /OU Lid no swelling Conj. OD not injected OS not injected Cornea OD clear OS sl. edematous at center, vitreocorneal touch at sup area AC OD deep & cell(-), iris pigment(+) OS deep & cell(-), iris pigment(+) Pupil OD round & mild dilated, upward tilted, LR(+/+) OS round & nl sized, upward tilted, LR(+/+)

4 Lens OD A. aphakia, remnant fibrotic lens capsule
OS A. aphakia Gonio all40(D)r+, PAS o.c/OU Fundus OD flat macula OS seems to be flat macula, blurry visible C/D ratio(V/H) / /0.8 LDS PPA Pallor Hemorrhage Nasalization Notching Bayoneting RNFL defect

5 <수술 전 IOP 변화 > O-COST x2 O-BMDP x2 O-TVP x hs -> O-BMT x hs

6 Progression 이전과 시야와 비교 진행하였기 때문에 수술결정했다고 언급

7

8 Imp. Plan A. aphakia (OU) POAG (OU) Aphakic bullous keratopathy(OS)
Trabeculectomy c MMC soaking(OD)

9 Progress note <POD #1d> VA FC20cm(0.02x+10.00Ds)
IOP 45mmHg > after massage 11mmHg /OD No elevated conj. Bleb, leakage(-) Eyedrops) O-LVF x4, O-FM x4, O-1AT x2/OD O-COST x2, O-BMDP x2, O-BMT x hs, O-10%NaCl/OS <POD#2d> VA FC 30cm(0.125x+10.00Ds) IOP 29mmHg No elevated conj. Bleb, leakage(+) Eyedrops) O-LVF x4, O-LON xq2hr, O-1AT x2/OD -> patch apply(OD)

10 Progress note <POD 4d> VA FC50cm(0.16 x+10.00Ds) IOP 22mmHg
No elevated conj. Bleb, leakage(+) AC incarcerated vitreous /OD -> ant. Vitrectomy + additional conj. Suture(OD) <POD#5d/1d> VA FC50cm(0.2x+10.00D) IOP 14 mmHg sl elevated conj. Bleb after massage, leakage(-) <POD #6/2d > D/C

11 Progress note < adding O-LTP Needling c MMC(OD) -> IOP 4 mmHG
O-LTP hold Argon laser coagulation -> leakage(-) Conjunctival leaking(+) 어제 왔는데 leakage 계속 있어서 suture 한바늘 했음 Conjunctival leaking(+) -> additioinal suture x1

12 <POD 15d/11d/1d>

13 Management of postoperative trabeculectomy complication
Apakia나 vitreous prolapse있는 경우에 수술을 어떤 식으로 하면 성공률을 높일 수 있는지에 대한 논문 좀 찾아서 추가할 것 그외 ppV를 같이 한다든지 IOL 삽입을 해주고 ant vitrectomy를 했다든지 등등 Aphakia에서 ant vitreous 나와있는 경우의 trabeculectomy에 대한 논문들 좀 review해서 추가하면 좋을 듯 서울 성모병원 안과 R2 정수경/pf.안명덕

14 Introduction Surgical intervention of aphakic glaucoma Trabeculectomy
c MMC soaking Ahmed valve imp. Success rate (complete & qualified success) Most prevalent complicaions BCVA 73.3%(33.3%/40%) Choroidal effusion poor 86.7%(20%/66.7%) choroidal effusion 15안 15안 RCT, success rate , complication(저안압), BCVA(소아-약시가 많아서 대개 결과 좋지 못하다.) because of lower internal tamponade by the lens and the vitreous body as compared with phakic, nonvitrectomized eyes. Complete success : 5<IOPr<21mmHg without glaucoma medications Qualified success: 5<IOPr<21mm Hg with no more than 2 medications Trabeculectomy With Mitomycin C Versus Ahmed Glaucoma Implant With Mitomycin C for Treatment of Pediatric Aphakic Glaucoma (J Glaucoma 2007;16:631–636)

15 Introduction Pars plana insertion of Ahmed valve Ix.
Impossible to place the tube into AC A need for pars plana vitrectomy Advantage Keep the tube away from the cornea and iris -> reducing the risk of epithelial downgrowth A mean postop IOP was 14mmHg with an average of glaucoma medication Initial experience with pneumatically stented Baerveldt implant modified for pars plana insertion for complicated glaucoma Ophthalmology 2001;108:279

16 Introduction Trabeculectomy
Ant. Chamber와 subconjunctival space 사이의 opening위를 덮는 공막의 partial thickness flap 안압하강 기전 방수의 누공을 통한 여과 쉴렘관의 잘려진 끝 속으로 방수흐름(rare) 섬모체해리 공막편에서 바깥경로를 통한 여과 공막의 결합 조직 물질을 통한 여과 공막편의 가장자리 주위에서의 여과

17 Introduction Indication of trabeculectomy 원칙: 약물과 레이저 치료가 실패하는 경우
Etc. 고려해야 할 사항 목표 안압 ( 손상이 많이 진행된 경우- 더 낮은 안압) 녹내장의 가족력 근시 Laser trabeculoplasty의 실패 Medical treatment에 대한 환자의 순응 불량 반대측 눈에 시행한 여과 수술의 결과 환자의 나이 및 건강 정도

18 Complication Conjunctival buttonhole Bleeding, Infection
Choroidal detachment & collapsed AC Cataract Aquous humor leakage from the conj. Bleb Ocular hypotony or increased IOP Tenon’s cyst Vitreous prolapse Failure of filtering function

19 Complication Conjuntival buttonhole 수술 중 발생된 결막의 구멍
윤부기저 결막편에서 더 자주 발생, 결막반흔과 결막과 테논낭의 유착이 있어 재수술을 하는 경우에 더 흔하게 발생한다. 수술이 끝난 후 교정하는 것이 좋다. Ethilcon 10-0 nylon을 이용한 suture, matress suture, figure of eight suture등을 이용한다.

20 Complication Choroidal detachment & collapsed AC
방수유출로 위로 공막편을 통해 과도한 방수유출 방지 가능 전체층 여과수술 대신 섬유주 절제술을 시행함. -> choroidal detachment & collapsed AC 를 줄임 AC의 형성이 지연되면 홍채 유착, bullous keratopathy로 인한 각 막내피 손상, 백내장 그리고 여과포 형성 부전을 초래할 수 있다.

21 Complication Aquous humor leakage from the conj. Bleb
부적당하게 봉합 or 결막단추구멍 or 얇은 여과포 누출이 미미하고 전방 깊이가 충분하며 bleb이 창백하면서 융기 -> 보존적 치료 : pressure patching, bandage contact lens 수술적 치료는 마지막 수단으로 사용함. ->여과포의 반흔을 심하게 할 수 있음. Autologous blood injection for late-onset filtering bleb leak. (Am J Ophthalmol 2001;132:36–40)

22 Complication Vitreous prolapse
전방내로 시행한 절개가 너무 뒤쪽에 위치하여 모양체를 관통하거 나 iridectomy를 시행하였을 때 모양체돌기를 절개하여 발생 고위험군: 수정체 탈구 무수정체안 고도근시 반대측 눈에서 유리체 탈출이 있는 경우 -> Vitrectomy 시행 -> 유리체 후부에 축적된 방수 제거 -> Yag laser 시행 -> 앞유리체막을 파괴시켜 유리체내 수분이동 도움.

23 Complication Failure of filtering function 안구내
공막절개부 내에 수정체, 홍채, 모양체 그리고 유리체의 탈출로 전방으로부터 방수의 유출로를 폐쇄하게 될 때 발생함. 공막 부적당한 공막절개시, 1mm 이상의 크기로 공막절개 필요 안구외(m/c) 상공막에서 섬유화 반흔 조직의 형성으로 공막절개부를 통한 방수의 흐름 폐쇄

24 Management Failure of filtering function 의 예방적 조치 Topical steroids
Massage Argon laser suture lysis 5-FU subconj. Injection MMC soaking

25 Management Needle Revision of Filtering Blebs Indication
- Bleb encapsulation, - Inadequate IOP control with an elevated bleb with microcysts, - Flat bleb with visible scleral flap without microcysts, - Any of the above requiring a topical ocular hypotensive medication. Varied techniques have been reported, there is no definitive ‘‘best’’ surgical approach. Needle revision should be considered before more aggressive surgical intervention, and in some cases before additional medical therapy

26 Management Needle Revision of Filtering Blebs

27 Management Needle revision of high dose MMC
0.1mL of mitomycin(0.4mg/mL) mixed with 0.1mL of 1% lidocaine 1 Injection superiotemporally into the subconj.space 2 Massage the wheal of mixed mitomycin and lidocaine with his gloved index finger along the superior limbus until it was no longer elevated (approximately 5 minutes). 3 Advance this needle carefully beneath the Tenon’s space till the scleral flap is reached. 4 Place the needle under the scleral flap and use it to lift the flap 5 Place the needle into the anterior chamber through the open ostium (gonioscopy is done prior to the needling to ensure a patent internal) 6 Retract this needle under the flap and using a gentle side-to-side motion, and use it to break episcleral adhesions until the bleb is reformed. 최대한 bleb으로부터 떨어진 자리에 인젝한다. Slit-Lamp Needle Revision of Failed Filtering Blebs Using High-Dose Mitomycin C (J Glaucoma 2005;14:52–56)

28 Managenent Revision surgery hypotony Bleb leakage Bleb dysesthesia
Resuture of scleral flap Reinforcement of scleral flap Bleb leakage Conjunctival advancement over excised bleb conjunctival advancement over intact & deepithelialized bleb Bleb dysesthesia Excision of the entire bleb Removal of only the portion overlying the cornea Conjuntival autograft Excision of a strip of conjunctiva from the interpalpebral area to collapse a large bleb; the conjunctival edges were then anchored to episclera. Outcomes of surgical bleb Revision for Complications of Trabeculectomy (Ophthalmology 2009;116:1713–1718)


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