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McMahon et al. 2009 Journal of Sexual Medicine 부천성모병원 김효신
Treatment of Premature Ejaculation in the Asia-Pacific Region:Results from a Phase III Double-blind, Parallel-group Study of Dapoxetine McMahon et al. 2009 Journal of Sexual Medicine 부천성모병원 김효신
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Treatment of Premature Ejaculation with dapoxetine
Introduction Dapoxetine is a short-acting SSRI that was recently approved for the on-demand treatment of premature ejaculation (PE). Aim To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dapoxetine 30 mg and 60 mg on demand (prn) in men with PE from the Asia-Pacific region.
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중추신경계와 사정 Brain의 여러 부위, MPOA(Medial preoptic area), PVN (Paraventricular nucleus), nPGi (nucleus paragigantocellularis)peripheral network을 통해 신호가 spine 부위로 넘어오고, 또한 Peripheral에서 넘어오는 자극이 전달되어, Peripheral과 brain의 여러 신호가 spinal ejaculation generator로 알려진 부위에서 통합되는 것으로 알려져 있습니다.
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사정관련 신경전달물질 여러 신경전달물질이 사정과 관계된 것으로 생각되며 도파민, GABA, 노르아드레날린, 세로토닌를 들 수 있습니다. 이중 가장 핵심적인 신경전달물질은 세로토닌이며, 약 15종류 이상의 세로토닌 수용체가 뇌 및 척수에 분포하고 있습니다.
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사정의 병리학적 원인 Serotonin : 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT, N-methyl-gamma
Serotonin Transporter: 5-HTT 중추신경계적 원인 세로토닌 시스템의 이상 > 5-HT2c receptor 기능저하 > 5-HT1A receptor 기능과잉 말초적 원인 조루의 원인으로서는 peripheral 원인과 central 원인을 들 수 있으며, 특히 중추신경계에서 Serotonergic system의 이상이 주요 원인으로 생각되고 있습니다. 이중 5-HT2c수용체의 hyposensitivity와 , 5-HT1A 수용체의 hypersensitivity가 주요 원인으로 생각되고 있습니다. 음경의 감각 과민 사정반사신경의 과도한 흥분
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사정조절의 핵심: 세로토닌 Waldinger 등이 2002년에 발표한 가설에 따르면 조루증은 세로토닌 2C 수용체의 기능 저하 혹은 세로토닌 1A 및 1B 수용체의 기능과잉에 의해 세로토닌 신호가 정상보다 낮게 차단되어 사정 역치가 저하되어 일어나는 현상으로 생각되고 있습니다.
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사정조절의 핵심: 세로토닌 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitor: class of compounds typically used as antidepressants in the treatment of depression,anxiety disorders, and some personality disorders. They are also typically effective and used in treating premature ejaculation problems as well as some cases of insomnia. SSRIs increase the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin by inhibiting its reuptake into the presynaptic cell, increasing the level of serotonin available to bind to the postsynaptic receptor. citalopram (Celexa, Cipramil, Cipram, Dalsan, Recital, Emocal, Sepram, Seropram, Citox) dapoxetine (no trade name yet; not yet approved by the FDA) escitalopram (Lexapro, Cipralex, Esertia) fluoxetine (Prozac, Fontex, Seromex, Seronil, Sarafem, Ladose, Fluctin (EUR), Fluox (NZ), Depress (UZB), Lovan (AUS)) fluvoxamine (Luvox, Fevarin, Faverin, Dumyrox, Favoxil, Movox) paroxetine (Paxil, Seroxat, Sereupin, Aropax, Deroxat, Rexetin, Xetanor, Paroxat) sertraline (Zoloft, Lustral, Serlain) zimelidine (Zelmid, Normud)
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약물동력학 Peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) 은 복용후 1.3시간 후 도달합니다(Tmax).
initial half-life는 90 minutes이며, 24시간 후 peak concentration 대비 약 4%미만으로 농도가 떨 어집니다. 따라서 반복투여에 의한 체내 축적이 최소화되었습니다. 음식, 알코올, PDE5I와 약물상호작용이 적음 이 그래프는 다폭세틴 30, 60mg의 pharmacokinetics를 보여주고 있습니다. 다폭세틴은 경구복용 후 빠르게 흡수됩니다. Peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) 은 복용후 1.3 후 도달합니다(Tmax). initial half-life는 90 minutes이며, 24시간 후 peak concentration 대비 약 4% 미만으로 농도가 떨어집니다. 따라서 반복투여에 의한 체내 축적이 최소화되 었습니다.
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taking prn (1-3 hrs before intercourse)
Methods Subjects 18 years or older; monogamous, heterosexual relationship > 6 months - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edit. text revision, criteria for PE for at least 6 months; intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) of 2 minutes or less in at least 75% of sexual intercourse episodes. Study design - Randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial - 52 centers in Australia, China, Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Singapore, and HongKong Pre-randomization Post-study telephone contact 12-week double-blind treatment taking prn (1-3 hrs before intercourse) placebo Dapoxetine 30mg Dapoxetine 60mg Screening visit 2wks after discontinuation of study drug
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Main Outcome Measures Efficacy assessments Safety assessments
Stopwatch-measured Average IELT Patient-reported outcome the Premature Ejaculation Profile (PEP) - Perceived control over ejaculation - Satisfaction with sexual intercourse - Ejaculation-related personal distress - Interpersonal difficulty Clinical Global Impression (CGI) of change in PE Composite PRO definition of clinical benefit Safety assessments treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs)
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Results_ subject disposition
Of the 1,067 subjects randomized, 858 completed the study.
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Results 858/1067 pts. completed the study
(83%), 284 (80%), and 279 (78%) Withdrawal: personal reasons, insufficient response, etc most common TEAEs: nausea, dizziness, somnolence, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, and nasopharyngitis baseline, mean Average IELT : 1.0±0.47,1.1±0.45, 1.1±0.48 minutes <0.5min 14%, 0.5~1min 45%, 1~2min 55% Placebo Dapox. 30mg Dapox. 60mg Withdrawal 11.8% 11.0% 12.1% Lack of efficacy 1.7% 1.1% 0.6% Side effects 0.3% 5.1%
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Results Increased Mean Average IELT
No differences between dapoxetine groups at any time point. Increased Geometric Mean Average IELT(Standard error) All PEP measures and the CGI of change were significantly improved with dapoxetine vs. placebo at study endpoint (P for all). Placebo Dapox. 30mg Dapox. 60mg Initial IELT 1.0±0.47 1.1±0.45 1.1±0.48 First 1.8±1.71 2.7±2.68 3.0±3.19 12 week 2.4±2.05 3.9±3.95 4.2±3.97 Placebo Dapox. 30mg Dapox. 60mg First 0.9(1.04) 1.0(1.03) 12 week 1.8(1.05) 2.7(1.05) 3.1(1.05)
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Results_ IELT, intravaginal ejaculatory latency time
Mean Average IELT increased from approximately 1.1 minutes at baseline (across groups) to 2.4, 3.9, and 4.2 minutes with placebo, dapoxetine 30 mg, and dapoxetine 60 mg, respectively
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Results_ Control over ejaculation during sexual intercourse
(P < 0.001) 33.5 33.5 18.7 All PEP measures and the CGI of change were significantly improved with dapoxetine vs. placebo at study endpoint (P for all). 1.6 0.6 0.9
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Results_ Satisfaction with sexual intercourse
(P < 0.001) 41.3 40.9 29.0 4.3 4.3 3.9
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Results_ ejaculation-related interpersonal difficulty of subjects
76.4 73.5 74.3 36.4 25.2 19.6
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Results_ ejaculation-related interpersonal difficulty of partners
51.9 48.8 50.3 27.3 17.9 13.4
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Safety_ TEAEs (Treatment-emergent adverse events)
The most common TEAEs with dapoxetine; nausea, dizziness, somnolence, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, and nasopharyngitis; The most common TEAEs with dapoxetine included nausea, dizziness, somnolence, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, and nasopharyngitis; TEAEs led to discontinuation in 0.3%, 1.7%, and 5.1% of subjects with placebo, dapoxetine 30 mg, and dapoxetine 60 mg, respectively. TEAEs ratio leading discontinuation
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요약 IELT를 3-4 배 증가 초회 복용부터 효과 사정에 대한 control을 향상 성행위에 대한 만족도를 향상
결론적으로 다폭세틴은 IELT를 3-4배 증가시키며, 초회복용부터 효과를 나타냈습니다. 주요 PRO(patient reported outcome)인 사정control, 성행위 만족도, 파트너의 만족도 등 모든 항목에서 통계적으로 유의한 향상을 나타냈습니다. 또한 전체적으로 다폭세틴은 내약성이 우수하며 가장 흔한 부작용으로서는 nausea였습니다. 대개의 경우 mild하여, 전반적으로 우수한 효과와 함께 안전한 약제라고 말할 수 있겠습니다. 파트너의 성생활 만족도를 향상 전반적으로 내약성이 우수
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경청해 주셔서 감사합니다.
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