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Inverse Kinematics HyoungSeok Kim

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1 Inverse Kinematics HyoungSeok Kim
Multimedia Workshop Inverse Kinematics HyoungSeok Kim

2 신체 부위 (“Links”) : 상체, 다리, Upper Arm Joints : 팔꿈치, 손목, 무릎,…
Articulated Models 신체 부위 (“Links”) : 상체, 다리, Upper Arm Joints : 팔꿈치, 손목, 무릎,… DOF (“Degrees of Freedom”) : Dongeui University

3 Tree 구조를 이용한 Kinematic Heirarchy
Dongeui University

4 Representing “Poses” of Articulated Figures
캐릭터의 운동학(Kinematics)은 불변 Q: joint 각도의 벡터  하나의 pose 표현 Parts DOF L H Dongeui University

5 Rendering Articulated Characters
Texture가 중요 Blended vertex deformations (a.k.a. “soft-skinning”) hides joint artifacts 가까운 뼈와의 거리를 이용하여 weight 값을 구한 후, 꼭지점의 위치를 interpolate Isosurfaces for muscle models (hand by Chris Landreth) Dongeui University

6 Representing Motions of Articulated Figures
Curves in the joint space q 1 3 n 4 Parts DOF L H q 2 Q(t) Dongeui University

7 Factoring Motion Clips
“Treadmill Frame of Reference”: base frame을 이동시키면서 움직이면 캐릭터가 걷는 덕과 같은 효과 Factor hip transform: World Base Base Hip Hip World Base Constant Velocity Dongeui University

8 Factored Base Frame of Motion
Dongeui University

9 Inverse Kinematics (IK)
3차원 공간상의 위치 방향으로부터 캐릭터의 pose를 계산 Important Issues: 근의 존재? 중근? 효율성 / 정확도 계산 방법: Closed-Form (Algebraic) Numerical (Iterative) Dongeui University

10 예 : 2-link planar arm 2차원 공간 상의 목표지점이 주어질 때, 그 지점에 도달할 수 있는 joint 각도 계산 L 2 X L 1 Dongeui University

11 Solution Methods Closed-form (Algebraic) Numerical (Iterative) + 빠르다
+ 모든 근을 찾음 - 일반적이지 않음 Numerical (Iterative) + 일반적 - 느림 - 모든 근을 찾지 못함 - 초기값에 따라 근이 달라질 수 있음 Dongeui University

12 Issues 근이 존재하는지? 중근 효율성 / 정확도
일반적으로 IK(역운동학) 해들은 비선형, 초월 방정식(nonlinear / transcendental equations)을 필요로 함 Dongeui University

13 Recent Results from Robotics
All kinematic chains of prismatic & revolute joints of 6 DOF or less are solvable If three or more neighboring axes intersect, they can be solved analytically (Pieper’s solution) Dongeui University

14 Iterative Solution constrained optimization 사용 Jacobian행렬을 사용하여 반복 현재 configuration의 함수로서 편미분 방정식 Jacobian은 cartesian space (the workspace) 와 joint space (configuration space) 간의 변화 관계를 표현 Dongeui University

15 “Natural” Human IK Arm and wrist posture are decoupled!
Sensorimotor transformation model ( Soechting & Flanders ‘86, Soechting ‘89, Kondo ‘93 ) Dongeui University

16 Arm Posture Final Adjustment
error vector 6x7 Jacobian joint angles null space of J Use constrained optimization to correct small position errors q dq dx = e Dongeui University


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