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Chapter 3 항정신병약물 Antipsychotics. Symptoms of Psychotic disorder.

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Presentation on theme: "Chapter 3 항정신병약물 Antipsychotics. Symptoms of Psychotic disorder."— Presentation transcript:

1 Chapter 3 항정신병약물 Antipsychotics

2 Symptoms of Psychotic disorder

3 Classification of Anti-psychotic Drugs

4 Schizophrenia & Paranoia - 항정신병약물 (antipsychotics): 정신분열증 (schizophrenia), 편집 증 (paranoia) 와 같은 정신질환에 사용 : Major Tranquilizer - 정신질환은 Dopamine 과 관련이 있는 것으로 알려짐 - 작용기전 : 시납스후 수용체에 대한 길항제 (postsynatic receptor antagonist) 가 주류 Structural class: - Phenothiazines - Dibenzodiazepines - Butyrophenones - Benzamides - Thioxanthenes - Benzisoxazole

5 Function of Biogenic Amines 각성, 집중력 강박증 충동 기억력 보상 동기부여

6 Mechanism of Neuroleptic Drug Dry mouth, eye Urinary hesitation Parkinson syndrome Orthostatic hypotension Prolactin Conc. Extrapyramidal effect

7 Extrapyramidal Effect( 추체외로 부작용 ) Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) are various movement disord ers such as acute dystonic( 근긴장 ) reactions, pseudoparkinson ism, or akathisia( 좌불안석 ) suffered as a result of taking dopa mine antagonists, usually antipsychotic(neuroleptic) drugs, whi ch are often used to control psychosis. The most common antipsychotic associated with EPS is haloperidol used especially in schizophrenia. Other antidopaminergic drugs like the antiemetic metoclopramide or the tricyclic antidepressant amoxapine can also cause extrapyramidal side-effects. Another common cause are Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (also known as SSRI), which indirectly decrease dopamine neurotransmission in the Substantia Nigra.

8 Side Effect Another Clinical application tremors Postal hypotension constipation Urinary retension confusion Sexual dysfunction

9 Summary of Psychotic Drugs

10 Melatonin and Antipsychotics * Dyskinesia: 운동장애

11 Chlorpromazine HCl*** 2-Chloro-10-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)phenothiazine 2 ‑ Chloro ‑ N,N ‑ dimethyl ‑ 10H ‑ phenothiazinepropan ‑ 1 ‑ amine Thorazine ® (GSK), 클로마진 정 ( 태극 ) 네오마찐 정 ( 환인염산클로르프로마진 정 / 주 ( 명인 ) 항정신약, 진정제 Phenothiazine 계 : 모핵의 2 번 위치에 Cl, CF 3 또는 SCH 3 등의 치환기를 가지고 있으며 모핵 과 alkylamino 기가 3 개의 탄소로 이루어진 결합사슬에 의해 연결된 구조를 가짐

12 History of CPZ

13 Conformational similarity of CPZ and Dopamine chloropromazinedopamine Overlay of CPZ and Dopamine Overlay of CPz (another conformer)

14 Strucural similarity of Dopamine, CPz and Haloperodol

15 Chlorpromazine HCl Retrosynthesis

16 Synthesis N-Methylation - Alkylation (MeI or Me 2 SO 4 ) - Reductive alkylation (Eschweiler-Clarke reaction) Synthesis of Phenothiazine

17 Escheweier-Clake Reaction

18 Perphenazine* 2 ‑ [4 ‑ [3 ‑ (2 ‑ Chloro ‑ 10H ‑ phenothiazin ‑ 10 ‑ yl)propyl]piperazin ‑ 1 ‑ yl]ethanol 2 ‑ [4 ‑ [3 ‑ (Chlorophenazin ‑ 10 ‑ yl)propyl]piperazin ‑ 1 ‑ yl]ethanol 페르페나진 정 ( 명인 ), Trilafon ® (Schering) Phenothiazine 계

19 Perphenazine Retrosynthesis

20 Synthesis Perphenazine

21 Thioridazine 10 ‑ [2 ‑ (1 ‑ Methylpiperidin ‑ 2 ‑ yl)ethyl] ‑ 2 ‑ methylthiophenothiazine 10 ‑ {2 ‑ [(RS) ‑ 1 ‑ Methylpiperidin ‑ 2 ‑ yl]ethyl} ‑ 2 ‑ methylsulfanylphenothiazine 리라디팜 정 ( 삼환 ), Mellaril ® (Norvatis/Sandoz/Wander) Phenothiazine 계

22 Thioridazine Retrosynthesis

23 Synthesis Thioridazine

24 Clozapine 8 ‑ Chloro ‑ 11 ‑ (4 ‑ methylpiperazin ‑ 1 ‑ yl) ‑ 5H ‑ dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine 클로자릴 정 ( 노바티스 ), Clozaril ® (Norvatis) Dibenzodiazepine 계 : 도파민 수용체 (type 2) 와 serotonin 수용체 (type 2) 에 작 용하여 항정신병 작용, 특히 항정신분열증 작용을 나타냄

25 Clozapine Retrosynthesis 어느쪽으로 자를까 ?

26 Synthesis Clozapine Cl is missing in textbook Cl is mispositioned in textbook

27 CDI(Carbonyl Di-Imide) Amidation coupling Peptide synthesis DCC

28 Olanzapine 2 ‑ Methyl ‑ 4 ‑ (4 ‑ methylpiperazi ‑ 1 ‑ yl) ‑ 10H ‑ thieno[2,3 ‑ b][1,5]benzodiazepine 뉴로자핀 정 ( 명인 ), 올라핀 정 ( 현대 ), 올자핀 정 ( 노바티스 ), 자이레핀 정 ( 환인 ), 자이자핀 정 ( 태평양 ), 자이프렉사 정 / 주 ( 릴리 ), Zyprexa ® (Eli Lilly) Dibenzodiazepine 계

29 Olanzapine Retrosynthesis Gewald reaction

30 Synthesis Olanzapine

31 Gewald Reaction CN

32 Gewald Reaction of dicyanide

33 Haloperidol 4 ‑ [4 ‑ (4 ‑ Chlorophenyl) ‑ 4 ‑ hydroxypiperidin ‑ 1 ‑ yl] ‑ 1 ‑ (4 ‑ fluorophenyl)butan ‑ 1 ‑ one 4 ‑ [4 ‑ (p ‑ Chlorophenyl) ‑ 4 ‑ hydroxypiperidino] ‑ 4’ ‑ fluorobutyrophenone 페리동 정 / 주 ( 환인 ), 할로페리돌 정 ( 명인 / 서구 / 수도 / 안국 / 영풍 / 장우 ), 파마 할로 페리돌 ( 한국파마 ), 할돌 데카노아스 주 ( 얀센 ), Haldol ® (Janssen) Butyrophenone 계 : D 2 ‑수용체 길항제로 haloperidol 이후 trifluperidol, setoperone 및 ritanserin 등이 개발되었으나 현재 haloperidol 만이 임상에 사용

34 History of Butyrophenones

35 Haloperidol Retrosynthesis

36 Synthesis Haloperidol

37 Sulpiride N ‑ [(1 ‑ Ethylpyrrolidin ‑ 2 ‑ yl)methyl] ‑ 2 ‑ methoxy ‑ 5 ‑ sulfamoylbenzamide 5 ‑ (Aminosulfonyl) ‑ N ‑ [(1 ‑ ethylpyrrolidin ‑ 2 ‑ yl)methyl] ‑ 2 ‑ methoxybenzamide 네오시드 정 ( 드림파마 ), 디스피드 정 ( 신풍 ), 레보필 정 ( 종근당 ), 레보렌 정 ( 메디카 ), Meresa ® Benzamide 계 : 진토작용이 있는 metoclopramide 가 고용량에서 항정신병 작용을 가지 는 것에 착안하여 구조를 최적화한 것으로 sultopride 및 remoxipride 등이 있으나 현재 sulpiride 만 정신병약으로 사용

38 Benzamide derivatives Antagonist of Dopamine(D2) receptor What Side effect?

39 (l)-Sulpiride Retrosynthesis

40 Synthesis

41 Chlorprothixene 3 ‑ (2 ‑ Chlorothioxanthen ‑ 9 ‑ ylidene) ‑ N,N ‑ dimethylpropan ‑ 1 ‑ amine HCl (Z) ‑ 3 ‑ (2 ‑ Chloro ‑ 9H ‑ thioxanthen ‑ 9 ‑ ylidene) ‑ N,N ‑ dimethyl ‑ propan ‑ 1 ‑ amine HCl 2 ‑ Chloro ‑ 10 ‑ (3 ‑ dimethylaminopropylidene)thiaxanthene HCl 클로르프로칙센 정 ( 장우 / 태극 ), Cloxan ® Thioxanthene 계 : Phenothiazine 의 B ‑고리에 있는 질소를 sp2 ‑탄소로 바꾸고 곁사슬에 이중결합을 도입한 약물

42 Geometric isomer and Pharmcological activity (Z) Isomer is more than 12 times greater active than (E) isomer Ex)

43 Conformational similarity of CPZ and Dopamine chloropromazinedopamine Overlay of CPZ and Dopamine Overlay of CPz (another conformer)

44 Chlorprothixene Retrosynthesis 어느쪽 ?

45 Synthesis Chlorprothixene

46 Thiothixene (Z) ‑ N,N ‑ Dimethyl ‑ 9 ‑ [3 ‑ (4 ‑ methylpiperazin ‑ 1 ‑ yl)propylidene]thioxanthene ‑ 2 ‑ sulfonamide 오나벤 캅셀 ( 유영 ), Navane ® (Pfizer) Thioxanthene 계 : Phenothiazine 의 B ‑고리에 있는 질소를 sp2 ‑탄소로 바꾸고 곁사슬에 이중결합을 도입한 약물

47 Thiothixene Retrosynthesis

48 Synthesis Thiothixene

49 Risperidone 3 ‑ [2 ‑ [4 ‑ (6 ‑ Fluoro ‑ 1,2 ‑ benzisoxazol ‑ 3 ‑ yl)piperidi ‑ 1 ‑ yl]ethyl] ‑ 2 ‑ methyl ‑ 6,7,8,9 ‑ tetrahydro ‑ 4H ‑ pyrido[1,2 ‑ b]pyrimidin ‑ 4 ‑ one 4 ‑ [2 ‑ [4 ‑ (6 ‑ Fluorobenzo[d]isoxazol ‑ 3 ‑ yl) ‑ 1 ‑ piperidyl]ethyl] ‑ 3 ‑ methyl ‑ 2,6 ‑ diaza bicyclo[4.4.0]deca ‑ 1,3 ‑ dien ‑ 5 ‑ one 리소페린 정 ( 제일 ), 리스돈 정 ( 한국파마 ), 리스펜 정 ( 명인 ), 리페리돈 정 ( 환인 ), 스펜달린정 ( 대웅 ), 리스페달 정 / 콘스타 주 ( 얀센 ), 리스프리 정 ( 일동 ), Risperdal® (Janssen ‑ Cilag) 기타 약물

50 Risperidone Retrosynthesis +

51 Synthesis Risperidone A

52 Synthesis of A


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