Signal Processing First <LECTURE #1>

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์ž๋™ ์ œ์–ด Sun Moon University 1 of 17 ์ž๋™์ œ์–ด ๋ชฉ ์ฐจ ๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ฐœ์š” Ch.10 ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ต ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• Ch. 8 ๊ทผ๊ถค์  ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•.
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10-7 ๋ถ€๋™์†Œ์ˆ˜์  (Floating-Point) ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๏‚ง ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ํ‘œ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๏‚ง ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜ (Fraction) : ๋ถ€ํ˜ธํ™”๋œ ๊ณ ์ •์†Œ์ˆ˜์  ์ˆซ์ž ์ง€์ˆ˜ (Exponent) : ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์‹œ ( ์˜ˆ )10 ์ง„์ˆ˜ ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด Fraction Exponent.
๊ตญ๋ฆฝํ•œ๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ •๋ณด์ œ์–ด๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊น€์ƒํ›ˆ 1 Digital Signal Processing ๊ธฐ์ดˆ.
42 ๊ฐ• ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹ 5 ๊ณผ๋ชฉ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐํ†ต์‹  ๊ฐ•์‚ฌ ์ด ๋ฏผ ์šฑ. 42 ๊ฐ• ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๏ต ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹ 1. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ (1) ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ โ‘  Modem : ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ (Data) ๋ฅผ ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ (Signal) ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์žฅ๋น„๋กœ PSTN( ๊ณต์ค‘.
1 Microelectronics ๏ƒ˜ CH1 Why Microelectronics? ๏ƒ˜ CH2 Basic Physics of Semiconductors ๏ƒ˜ CH3 Diode Circuits ๏ƒ˜ CH4 Physics of Bipolar Transistors ๏ƒ˜ CH5 Bipolar.
Add Your Text 5. ์ง€์ˆ˜ํ•จ์ˆ˜์™€ ๋กœ๊ทธํ•จ์ˆ˜ 1. ์ง€์ˆ˜ํ•จ์ˆ˜ 2. ๋กœ๊ทธํ•จ์ˆ˜ ยท ์ง€์ˆ˜ํ•จ์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ทธ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ยท ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฐฉ์ •์‹๊ณผ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ถ€๋“ฑ์‹ ยท ๋กœ๊ทธ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ทธ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ยท ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹๊ณผ ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ถ€๋“ฑ์‹.
Signal Processing & Systems ( ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ) ์—ฐ์† ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ํ•ด์„ Prof. Jae Young Choi ( ์ตœ์žฌ์˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ) Signal Processing & Systems (2014 Fall) Prof. Jae Young Choi.
์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์ด์‚ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„์‹ ํ˜ธ์™€ ๋ณ€ํ™˜. 2/50 1. ์„œ๋ก  ๏ต ์ด์‚ฐํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ( discrete Fourier transform; DFT ) โ€“ ์—ฐ์† ํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ‘œ๋ณธ๋“ค์— ์ ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๏ƒ  ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ด์‚ฐํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๏ƒ  ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ โ€“ ์ด์‚ฐํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์— ์ ๋ถ„์—.
์ œ08์žฅ ํ•„ํ„ฐ ์„ค๊ณ„. ์ œ08์žฅ ํ•„ํ„ฐ ์„ค๊ณ„ Summary of design stages for digital filters ์ œ08์žฅ ํ•„ํ„ฐ ์„ค๊ณ„.
์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„ HW # ๋ฐ•์žฌํ˜.
์‘์šฉ์ „์žํšŒ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ก# ์ƒ์ฒด์˜๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์ตœ์ค€๋ฏผ ์ œ์ถœ์ผ (์›”)
๋‹ด๋‹น๊ต์ˆ˜ : ์ด๋ด‰์šด ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ๋ฐ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํ†ต์‹ ์ด๋ก  โ€™12-1 ํ•™๊ธฐ ๋‹ด๋‹น๊ต์ˆ˜ : ์ด๋ด‰์šด
์ œ8์žฅ ์ด์‚ฐ ํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ณ€ํ™˜.
Chapter 3 ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ (Data and Signals).
์ œ 3 ์žฅ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 3.1 ํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ณ€ํ™˜ (Fourier transform) 3.2 ํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ณ€ํ™˜์˜ ์„ฑ์งˆ
์ œ2์žฅ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง.
                                  8์žฅ A/D ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ A/D Converter? A/D Converter ์›๋ฆฌ Bit ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ตœ๋Œ€๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„.
                                  7์žฅ D/A ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ D/A Converter? D/A Converter ์›๋ฆฌ Bit ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ตœ๋Œ€๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„.
4. Matlab-Simulink๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฉ”์นด๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ํ•ด์„
Z ๋ณ€ํ™˜์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ฒ˜ ์ œ05์žฅ Z ๋ณ€ํ™˜. z ๋ณ€ํ™˜์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ฒ˜ ์ œ05์žฅ Z ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ์ž„์˜์˜ ์ž„ํŽ„์Šค ์‘๋‹ต ์ž„์˜์˜ ์ž„ํŽ„์Šค ์‘๋‹ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ DTFT ๊ณต๋น„์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์ด 1๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์•„์•ผ ์ˆ˜์—ด์˜ ํ•ฉ์ด ์กด์žฌ ๋“ฑ๋น„์ˆ˜์—ด์˜ ํ•ฉ : ๋“ฑ๋น„์ˆ˜์—ด์˜ ํ•ฉ : ์ œ05์žฅ Z ๋ณ€ํ™˜.
Chapter 13 ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ ์ฆํญ๊ธฐํšŒ๋กœ.
์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„ 6์žฅ ์˜ˆ์ œ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์ฒœ๋Œ€๊ธธ.
Analog and Digital ์™„์†Œ 3์กฐ๏Š 1๋“ฑ : ๋ฐ•์ƒ์„ญ๏Š 2๋“ฑ : ์ž„์Šนํ›ˆ 3๋“ฑ : ๋ฐ•๋™๋ฏผ 4๋“ฑ : ๋ฌธํฌ์—ฐ
Pspice๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํšŒ๋กœ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ด๋ก  ๋ฐ ์‹ค์Šต 4
10์žฅ ๋žœ๋ค ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ 1.
๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ
Ch. 5 : Analog Transmission
5 ์žฅ ๋ถ€ํ˜ธํ™”(Encoding) 5.1 ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ-๋Œ€-๋””์ง€ํ„ธ 5.2 ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ-๋Œ€-๋””์ง€ํ„ธ 5.3 ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ-๋Œ€-์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ
๋””์ง€ํ„ธ์˜์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ์‹ค์Šต ๋Œ€๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ๊ณผ.
1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  ๋ชฉ์›๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹ ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ.
์งˆ์˜ ์‚ฌํ•ญ Yield Criteria (1) ์†Œ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ํ‰๋ฉด์‘๋ ฅ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋†“์˜€์„ ๋•Œ(ฯƒ3=0), ์ตœ๋Œ€์ „๋‹จ์‘๋ ฅ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ์ „๋‹จ๋ณ€ํ˜•์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ฯƒ1 โ€“ ฯƒ2 ํ‰๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? (2) ฯƒ1 =ฯƒ2์ธ ๋“ฑ์ด์ถ•์ธ์žฅ์—์„œ ฯƒ = Kฮตn๋กœ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋„คํ‚น์‹œ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์œจ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ผ.
๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ (์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€,์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•) ์ด๋ฆ„ : ๊น€๋Œ€์ง„ ํ•™๋ฒˆ :
Implement Moving average filter using C
CAS (Computer Algebra System) ์†Œ๊ฐœ
5์žฅ. ์ด์‚ฐํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์—๋ณ€ํ™˜ 5.1 ์—ฐ์†์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์—๋ณ€ํ™˜ 5.2 ์ด์‚ฐ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์—๋ณ€ํ™˜ 5.3 ์ด์‚ฐํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์—๋ณ€ํ™˜
AM, FM.
์ƒ๊ด€ํ•จ์ˆ˜ correlation function
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์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ํ†ต์‹ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ 2. ์‹ ํ˜ธ์™€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ (2) March 14 โ€“ 15, 2011 Yongwon Lee
CH 4. ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ 4.1 ํ™•๋ฅ  ํ™•๋ฅ ์‹คํ—˜ (Random Experiment, ์‹œํ–‰, Trial) : ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ, ๋˜‘ ๊ฐ™์€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ๊ทผ์›์‚ฌ์ƒ (Elementary Event, e) : ์‹œํ–‰ ๋•Œ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ‘œ๋ณธ๊ณต๊ฐ„.
GoldExperience ํ†ต์‹ ๊ณตํ•™์„ค๊ณ„์‹คํ—˜ Kim Hyun Tai
GoldExperience ํ†ต์‹ ๊ณตํ•™์„ค๊ณ„์‹คํ—˜ Kim Hyun Tai
๋‹ด๋‹น๊ต์ˆ˜ : ์ด๋ด‰์šด ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ๋ฐ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํ†ต์‹ ์ด๋ก  โ€™12-1 ํ•™๊ธฐ ๋‹ด๋‹น๊ต์ˆ˜ : ์ด๋ด‰์šด
Medical Instrumentation
์ œ4์žฅ ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ.
โ…ข. ์ด ์ฐจ ๋ฐฉ ์ • ์‹ 1. ์ด์ฐจ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹๊ณผ ๊ทธ ํ’€์ด 2. ๊ทผ ์˜ ๊ณต ์‹.
Mathematical Description of Continuous-Time Signals
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4 ์žฅ ์‹ ํ˜ธ(Signals) 4.1 ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ์™€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ(Analog and Digital)
Biomedical Instrumentation
3 ์žฅ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์˜์—ญ ํ•ด์„: ์ด์‚ฐ Fourier ๊ธ‰์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ Fourier ๋ณ€ํ™˜.
Chapter 2 Time Domain Analysis
์‹ ํ˜ธ์™€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ - ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ - ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• - ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ - ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ์งˆ
Chapter 3 Frequency Domain Analysis
1. 2์ง„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ.
์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ-๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋ถ€ํ˜ธํ™”(1/7) ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ-๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋ถ€ํ˜ธํ™” ๊ณผ์ •.
Ch.6 ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ต๊ณผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ฐœ๋… ๊น€ํ•˜๋ฆฐ ์˜คํฌ์žฌ ์ด์—ฐ์žฌ
CAS (Computer Algebra System) ์†Œ๊ฐœ
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์‹คํ—˜ 10 OP Amp ์—ฐ์‚ฐํšŒ๋กœ.
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์ž๋™์ œ์–ด๊ณตํ•™ 3. ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ ์ • ์šฐ ์šฉ.
2. ๋ˆ„ํ™”์™€ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”๋ง 1. ์„œ๋ก  2. ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ฑ ๋ˆ„ํ™” 3. ์œ ๋„์„ฑ ๋ˆ„ํ™” 4. ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๋ˆ„ํ™”(๋ˆ„ํ™”์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ดํ•ด)
๋ฒกํ„ฐ์˜ ์„ฑ์งˆ - ๋ฒกํ„ฐ์™€ ์Šค์นผ๋ผ (Vector and Scalars) - ๋ฒกํ„ฐ์˜ ํ•ฉ -๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•
4์žฅ. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์ดํ•ด. 4์žฅ. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์ดํ•ด 4-1 ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ‘œํ˜„ ์ง„๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด n ์ง„์ˆ˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋ฐฉ์‹ : n๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-1.
Chapter 1 ๋‹จ์œ„, ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ๋Ÿ‰, ๋ฒกํ„ฐ.
์ œ 5์žฅ ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ณผ๋„ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ (Transient Performance)
1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  ๋ชฉ์›๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹ ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ.
์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” A/D ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ A/D ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ์‹œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•  ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ D/A ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ
Presentation transcript:

Signal Processing First <LECTURE #1> Introduction

Signal Processing First Contents ์†Œ๊ฐœ : Signal & system์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€? 1.1 ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ํ‘œํ˜„ 1.2 ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ํ‘œํ˜„ 1.3 ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ ค Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First Contents ์†Œ๊ฐœ : Signal & system์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€? 1.1 ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ํ‘œํ˜„ 1.2 ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ํ‘œํ˜„ 1.3 ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ ค Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ํ‘œํ˜„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ(signal) ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ํŒจํ„ด์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ ์—ฐ์†์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ (continuous-time signal) ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1-1 ์ฐธ์กฐ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First Signal Types Signal Processing First

Signals and Systems Defined A signal is any physical phenomenon which conveys information Systems respond to signals and produce new signals Excitation signals are applied at system inputs and response signals are produced at system outputs Signal Processing First

A Communication System A communication system has an information signal plus noise signals This is an example of a system that consists of an interconnection of smaller systems Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ด์‚ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ(discrete-time signal) ์ผ์ • ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ samplingํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ป์–ด์ง. ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„. : ์ •์ˆ˜, : ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง ์ฃผ๊ธฐ(sampling period) ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1-2 ์ฐธ์กฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1-3 : ์ •์ง€์˜์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ํ‘œํ˜„ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ด์‚ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ(Discrete Time Signals) ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ด์‚ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ (1) ๋‹จ์œ„ ์ž„ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ(unit impulse Signal) n=0 (2) ๋‹จ์œ„ ๊ณ„๋‹จ ์‹ ํ˜ธ(unit step Signal) n=0 Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First Elementary Discrete Time Signals)(1) (3) ๋‹จ์œ„ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ ์‹ ํ˜ธ(unit ramp signal) n=0 Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ด์‚ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ(2) (4) ์ง€์ˆ˜ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ(exponential signal) 1 n=0 Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ด์‚ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ(Discrete Time Signals)์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์‹ ํ˜ธ(energy signal)์™€ ์ „๋ ฅ์‹ ํ˜ธ(power signal) (1) ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ (energy๊ฐ€ ์œ ํ•œํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ) (2) ์ „๋ ฅ ์‹ ํ˜ธ (power๊ฐ€ ์œ ํ•œํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋‹จ energy๋Š” ๋ฌดํ•œ) Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ด์‚ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜: ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์‹ ํ˜ธ / ๋น„์ฃผ๊ธฐ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ(periodic signal)์˜ ์ •์˜ : [Question] ๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ธ๊ฐ€? (์ฆ‰ ๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜)์ด๋ฉด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ. ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์‹ ํ˜ธ(power signal)์ด๋‹ค. ๋น„์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ(aperiodic signal) : ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ด์‚ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ : ๋Œ€์นญ / ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ ์‹ ํ˜ธ(1) ๋Œ€์นญ์‹ ํ˜ธ(symmetric signal)์™€ ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ ์‹ ํ˜ธ(antisymmetric signal) (1) ๋Œ€์นญ์‹ ํ˜ธ (2) ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ์‹ ํ˜ธ ใˆœ ๋Œ€์นญ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์šฐํ•จ์ˆ˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ(even signal) ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๊ธฐํ•จ์ˆ˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ(odd signal) Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ด์‚ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ : ๋Œ€์นญ / ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ ์‹ ํ˜ธ(2) ์ž„์˜์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ x(n) ์€ ์šฐํ•จ์ˆ˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์™€ ๊ธฐํ•จ์ˆ˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. n=0 = + Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ด์‚ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(Discrete Time System) ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ž…์ถœ๋ ฅ ํ‘œํ˜„ system T or Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ด์‚ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(Discrete Time System) ๋ธ”๋ก๋„) ์ด์‚ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ธ”๋ก๋„ ํ‘œํ˜„ (1) ๋ง์…ˆ๊ธฐ (adder) Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ด์‚ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(Discrete Time System) ๋ธ”๋ก๋„ (2) ์ƒ์ˆ˜ ๊ณฑ์…ˆ๊ธฐ (3) ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๊ณฑ์…ˆ๊ธฐ c Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ด์‚ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(Discrete Time System) ๋ธ”๋ก๋„ (4) Delay (5) Advance z -1 z Signal Processing First

(1) ์ •์ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๋™์ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(static and dynamic systems) Signal Processing First ์ด์‚ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(Discrete Time System)์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ (1) ์ •์ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๋™์ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(static and dynamic systems) ์ •์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ: ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐ’์—๋งŒ ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •(memoryless system) (์˜ˆ) ๋™์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ: ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๊ฐ’์— ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ฐ›์Œ. Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ด์‚ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(Discrete Time System)์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ (2) ์‹œ๋ถˆ๋ณ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ (time โ€“ invariant system) If T T then - ์ฆ‰ ์‹œ๋ถˆ๋ณ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ๋Š” x[n]์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด y[n]์ด๋ฉด x[n-k]์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์€ y[n-k]์ž„. Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ด์‚ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜: ์„ ํ˜•/๋น„์„ ํ˜• ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ (3) ์„ ํ˜•์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ (linear vs. non-linear System) ์„ ํ˜• ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‹ ๋งŒ์กฑ ์ด๋•Œ Superposition principle ์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•จ. Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First Causal system & Non-causal systems Causal ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ: ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ’์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ ๊ฐ’์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ์ •. Non-causal ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ: ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ’์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๊ฐ’์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„œ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ฐ›์Œ. (์˜ˆ) (์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ) Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์•ˆ์ •(stable) ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๋น„์•ˆ์ •(unstable) ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์•ˆ์ • ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ: ์œ ํ•œํ•œ(bounded) ์ž…๋ ฅ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์œ ํ•œํ•œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ถœ๋ ฅ (BIBO). ์ฃผ: BIBO = Bounded Input Bounded Output Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ด์‚ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ง๋ ฌ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์ง๋ ฌ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ (cascade connection) T1 T2 ์ด๋•Œ ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ Tc๋„ LTI(์‹œ๋ถˆ๋ณ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ) Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ด์‚ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ(parallel connection) T1 T2 Signal Processing First

์ด์‚ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์„ ํ˜• ์‹œ๋ถˆ๋ณ€ (DT LTI)์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ถ„์„(1) ์„ ํ˜• ์‹œ๋ถˆ๋ณ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(Linear Time-Invariant System)์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ž…์ถœ๋ ฅ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‹์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฐจ๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ (difference equation)์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ๋‹ค. Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ด์‚ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์„ ํ˜• ์‹œ๋ถˆ๋ณ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ถ„์„(2) ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ์ž„์˜์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ž„ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์˜ ์„ ํ˜•ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ x[n] 2 -2 2 -2 2 -2 2 -2 2 -2 2 -2 2 -2 + + + + + Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ด์‚ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์„ ํ˜• ์‹œ๋ถˆ๋ณ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ถ„์„(1) ์ž„์˜์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ˜•์‹œ๋ถˆ๋ณ€(LTI) ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์‘๋‹ต LTI ์ž„ํŽ„์Šค ์‘๋‹ต(impulse response) LTI LTI system ์ž„์˜์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ x[n]๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œํ˜„๊ฐ€๋Šฅ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ด์‚ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์„ ํ˜• ์‹œ๋ถˆ๋ณ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ถ„์„(2) ์„ ํ˜• ์‹œ๋ถˆ๋ณ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ superposition principle์ด ์ ์šฉ Signal Processing First

์ฝ˜๋ฒŒ๋ฃจ์…˜์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ LTI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„ - ์ฆ‰ ๋‹ค์Œ x[n]๊ณผ h[n]์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด๋„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ฝ˜๋ฒŒ๋ฃจ์…˜์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ(1) ๊ตํ™˜ ๋ฒ•์น™(commutative law) - ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Œ. Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ฝ˜๋ฒŒ๋ฃจ์…˜ ํŠน์„ฑ(2) (2) ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์น™ (Associative law) ๋งŒ์ผ ์ฆ‰, Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ฝ˜๋ฒŒ๋ฃจ์…˜ ํŠน์„ฑ(3) (3) ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ ๋ฒ•์น™ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ธ๊ณผ์ (causal) LTI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ธ๊ณผ์ (causal) ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋•Œ, ๋งŒ์ผ ์ž…๋ ฅ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋„ ์ธ๊ณผ์ (causal)์‹ ํ˜ธ์ด๋ฉด, Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First LTI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ stability ์„ ํ˜• ์‹œ๋ถˆ๋ณ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ์กฑ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋•Œ, ์ถœ๋ ฅ์€ stable(BIBO). (์ฆ๋ช…) ์œ ํ•œํ•œ ์ž…๋ ฅ(bounded input)์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ด๋•Œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ’์€ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 1.2 ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ํ‘œํ˜„ ์—ฐ์†์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(Continuous-time system) ์ž…๋ ฅ ์‹ ํ˜ธ : ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์‹ ํ˜ธ : ์˜ˆ) ๋ธ”๋ก ๋‹ค์ด์–ด๊ทธ๋žจ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ž Ideal C/D Converter ์—ฐ์†์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ด์‚ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 1.3 ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ ค ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1-7 : ์˜ค๋””์˜ค CD ๊ธฐ๋ก ๋ฐ ์žฌ์ƒ ๊ณผ์ • C/D ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ์™€ A/D ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์  A/D Converter Optical Disk Writer CD Optical Disk Reader D/A Converter Signal Processing First

Conversions Between Signal Types Sampling Quantizing Encoding Signal Processing First

Message Encoded in ASCII Signal Processing First

Noisy Message Encoded in ASCII Progressively noiser signals Signal Processing First

Bit Recovery in a Digital Signal Using Filtering Signal Processing First

Image Filtering to Aid Perception Original X-Ray Image Filtered X-Ray Image Signal Processing First

Sound Recording System Signal Processing First

Recorded Sound as a Signal Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ(Digital Signal Processing) Input (Analog) A/D Converter DSP D/A Converter Output (Analog) Digital (์ž…๋ ฅ) Digital (์ถœ๋ ฅ) ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ข‹์€ ์  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ(Flexibility): program vs. hardware ์ •ํ™•๋„ ์ œ์–ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ์—†์ด ์ €์žฅ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „์†ก ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ : ๋‹ค์ฑ„๋„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ฐ ๋‹ค์ฐจ์› ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋‹ค์ฑ„๋„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ(๋ฒกํ„ฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ) ๋‹ค์ฐจ์› ์‹ ํ˜ธ M๊ฐœ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ : ์—ฐ์†์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ฐ ์ด์‚ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์—ฐ์†์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ฐ ์ด์‚ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์—ฐ์†์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ : ์—ฐ์†๋œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ์ด์‚ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ : ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ •์˜๋œ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ : ์—ฐ์†์น˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ฐ ์ด์‚ฐ์น˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ Digital signal [์ •์˜] ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ (digital signal): ์ด์‚ฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ด์‚ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ํ‘œ๋ณธํ™” ์–‘์žํ™” sampling quantization ์—ฐ์†์น˜-์ด์‚ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„์‹ ํ˜ธ Continuous-valued Discrete-time signal ์ด์‚ฐ์น˜-์ด์‚ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„์‹ ํ˜ธ Discrete-valued Discrete-time signal ์—ฐ์†์‹œ๊ฐ„์‹ ํ˜ธ Analog signal Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ : ๊ฒฐ์ •์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ฐ ๋žœ๋ค์‹ ํ˜ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์‹ ํ˜ธ, ๋žœ๋ค์‹ ํ˜ธ (1) ๊ฒฐ์ •์‹ ํ˜ธ(Deterministic signal) ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ํ‘œํ˜„, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”, ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ (์˜ˆ) (2) ๋žœ๋ค์‹ ํ˜ธ(Random signal) ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ฐ’์ด ์˜ˆ์ธก๋˜์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ (์˜ˆ) ์Œ์„ฑ์‹ ํ˜ธ, noise Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง ์ด๋ก (Sampling Theorem)(1) Sampling ์ด๋ก  ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ Fmax ์ธ ๋Œ€์—ญ์ œํ•œ ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ(band-limited analog signal)๋ฅผ Fs(>2Fmax)๋กœ ํ‘œ๋ณธํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ‘œ๋ณธ ๊ฐ’์—์„œ ์›๋ž˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์›ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. [๊ด€์ฐฐ] ๋Œ€์—ญ์ œํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” sincํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ ์„ ํ˜• ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์ฆ‰ ๋Š” ๋Œ€์—ญ์ œํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ๋ฒ ์ด์‹œ์Šค(basis) ใˆœ {}๋Š” ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฏธ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง ์ด๋ก (Sampling Theorem)(2) t t t t Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์–‘์žํ™”(Quantization)(1) ฮ” x(n) xq(n) eq(n) ์–‘์žํ™”๋œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์—๋Ÿฌ ์‹ ํ˜ธ Error signal : eq(n)=xq(n)-x(n) ์ด๋•Œ eq(n)์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์–‘์žํ™”(Quantization)(2) [์ •์˜] ๋™์ ๋ฒ”์œ„(Dynamic range): ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒ”์œ„๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋จ ๋งŒ์ผ L๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์–‘์žํ™” ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์ง Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–‘์žํ™”(1) -ฯ„ ฯ„ t ฮ”/2 -ฮ”/2 eq(t) ์ง์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ์‚ฌํ™” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ฮ” ฮ”/2 -ฯ„ ฯ„ t Mean square error power ๋งŒ์ผ b bit๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–‘์žํ™”(2) Average signal power SQNR(Signal to Quantization Noise) Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 1.1 ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ํ‘œํ˜„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ(signal) ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ํŒจํ„ด์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ ์—ฐ์†์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ (continuous-time signal) ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1-1 ์ฐธ์กฐ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ด์‚ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ(discrete-time signal) ์ผ์ • ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ samplingํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ป์–ด์ง. ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„. : ์ •์ˆ˜, : ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง ์ฃผ๊ธฐ(sampling period) ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1-2 ์ฐธ์กฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1-3 : ์ •์ง€์˜์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ํ‘œํ˜„ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 1.2 ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ํ‘œํ˜„ ์—ฐ์†์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(Continuous-time system) ์ž…๋ ฅ ์‹ ํ˜ธ : ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์‹ ํ˜ธ : ์˜ˆ) ๋ธ”๋ก ๋‹ค์ด์–ด๊ทธ๋žจ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ Ideal C/D Converter ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ž ์—ฐ์†์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ด์‚ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 1.3 ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ ค ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1-7 : ์˜ค๋””์˜ค CD ๊ธฐ๋ก ๋ฐ ์žฌ์ƒ ๊ณผ์ • C/D ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ์™€ A/D ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์  A/D Converter Optical Disk Writer CD Optical Disk Reader D/A Converter Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First <LECTURE #2> ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ(Sinusoids)

Signal Processing First Contents ์†Œ๊ฐœ : ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ(Sinusoids) ? 2.1 ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ตฝ์‡  ์‹คํ—˜ 2.2 ์‚ฌ์ธ ์ฝ”์‚ฌ์ธ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๋ณต์Šต 2.3 ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ ์‹ ํ˜ธ 2.4 ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ 2.5 ๋ณต์†Œ ์ง€์ˆ˜ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์™€ ํŽ˜์ด์ € 2.6 ํŽ˜์ด์ € ํ•ฉ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First Introduction ์™œ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ์˜ ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ. cos() ํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ Ex) ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2-1 ์ฐธ์กฐ ๋ผ๋””์•ˆ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜(Radian frequency) ์œ„์ƒ ๋ณ€์ด(phase shift) ์ง„ํญ(Amplitude) Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 2.1 ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ตฝ์‡  ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2-2 ์ฐธ์กฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ตฝ์‡ ์™€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฐ ์‚ฌ์ง„ A-440(๋ผ) : ๋‹จ์ผ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ 440Hz์˜ ๋ผ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ„. ํŒŒํ˜•์€ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋จ.(๋’ท์žฅ) Ex) ํŒŒํ˜•์ด ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ์˜ ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ๏ƒ  ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First DIGITIZE the WAVEFORM x[n] is a SAMPLED SINUSOID A list of numbers stored in memory Sample at 11,025 samples per second Called the SAMPLING RATE of the A/D Time between samples is 1/11025 = 90.7 microsec Output via D/A hardware (at Fsamp) Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First STORING DIGITAL SOUND x[n] is a SAMPLED SINUSOID A list of numbers stored in memory CD rate is 44,100 samples per second 16-bit samples Stereo uses 2 channels Number of bytes for 1 minute is 2 X (16/8) X 60 X 44100 = 10.584 Mbytes Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 2.2 ์‚ฌ์ธ ์ฝ”์‚ฌ์ธ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๋ณต์Šต ํ‘œ 2-1 : ์‚ฌ์ธ ์ฝ”์‚ฌ์ธ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2-4 : ์ง๊ฐ ์‚ผ๊ฐํ˜•์—์„œ์˜ ์˜ ์ •์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2-5 : ์‚ฌ์ธ ์ฝ”์‚ฌ์ธ ํŒŒํ˜• ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง ํ‘œ 2-2 : ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ผ๊ฐํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๊ณต์‹ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 2.3 ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ ์‹ ํ˜ธ : ์ง„ํญ(Amplitude) +A ~ -A ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ง„๋™ : ์œ„์ƒ ๋ณ€์ด(phase shift) ๋™์งˆ์„ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉ ๏ƒ  ์ฝ”์‚ฌ์ธ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ : ๋ผ๋””์•ˆ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜(radian frequency) ๋‹จ์œ„ : rad/sec ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜(cyclic frequency) : ๋‹จ์œ„ : Hertz(cycles/sec) Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์˜ˆ์ œ) ์•„๋ž˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์˜ค(๊ทธ๋ฆผ2-6 ์ฐธ์กฐ) 2.3.1 ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํŒŒํ˜• ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2-7 ์ฐธ์กฐ ์ผ๋•Œ DC ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ์กด์žฌ ๏ƒ  : ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 2.3.2 ์œ„์ƒ ๋ณ€์ด์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ : ์–‘์ˆ˜์ด๋ฉด ์ง€์—ฐ(delayed) : ์Œ์ˆ˜์ด๋ฉด ์„ ํ–‰(advanced) ์ˆ˜์‹ ํ‘œํ˜„ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์˜ˆ) Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์˜ˆ์ œ) Determine period: Determine a peak location by solving Peak at t=-4 Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 2.4 ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์˜ˆ) ์ด์‚ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์œ„ ์‹์œผ๋กœ MATLAB๋กœ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ Ts ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐ Ts : 0.005, 0.0025, 0.0001 Plot ๋ช…๋ น์–ด๋กœ linear interpolation ํ•˜์—ฌ๋ผ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First Measure the period, T Between peaks or zero crossings Compute frequency: w = 2p/T Measure time of a peak: tm Compute phase: f = -w tm Measure height of positive peak: A 3 steps Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First (A, w, f) from a PLOT Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 2.5 ๋ณต์†Œ ์ง€์ˆ˜ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์™€ ํŽ˜์ด์ € ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ถ„์„์—๋Š” ๋ณต์†Œ ์ง€์ˆ˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ(complex exponential signals)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ„๋‹จ. 2.5.1 ๋ณต์†Œ์ˆ˜ ๋ณต์Šต ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ถ€ : ํ—ˆ์ˆ˜๋ถ€ : ์ง๊ฐ์ขŒํ‘œ ๊ทน์ขŒํ‘œ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First Relate (x,y) to (r,q) ๊ทน์ขŒํ‘œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ณต์†Œ ์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ Euler ๊ณต์‹์„ ์ด์šฉ ๏ƒ  ๋ณต์†Œ์ˆ˜ ๊ณฑ์…ˆ/๋‚˜๋ˆ—์…ˆ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์šฉ์ด(๋ถ€๋ก A ์ฐธ์กฐ) Most calculators do Polar-Rectangular Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First Eulerโ€™s FORMULA Complex Exponential Real part is cosine Imaginary part is sine Magnitude is one Ex) w=20p rad/s Rotates 0.2p in 0.01 secs Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 2.5.2 ๋ณต์†Œ ์ง€์ˆ˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ : , ์˜ ๊ฐ๋„ : ์ง๊ฐ ์ขŒํ‘œ๊ณ„๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋ฉด Signal Processing First

Real & Imaginary Part Plots PHASE DIFFERENCE = p/2 Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ๋ณต์†Œ ์ง€์ˆ˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ฝ”์‚ฌ์ธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ํ‘œํ˜„ 2.5.3 ํšŒ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ํŽ˜์ด์ € ํ•ด์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2-12 ์ฐธ์กฐ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ๋ณต์†Œ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ์—์„œ ๋Š” ์ง„ํญ์ด ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ธ ๋ณต์†Œ ์ง€์ˆ˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ๋ณต์†Œ์ˆ˜ ์ง„ํญ(complex amplitude), ํŽ˜์ด์ €(phasor) ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ„ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First General Sinusoid Complex AMPLITUDE = X Then, any Sinusoid = REAL PART of Xejwt Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First POP QUIZ: Complex Amp Find the COMPLEX AMPLITUDE for: Use EULERโ€™s FORMULA: Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First - ์–‘๊ณผ์Œ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ณต์†Œ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ - ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜์˜ ๋ณต์†Œ ํšŒ์ „ ํŽ˜์ด์ €์˜ ํ•ฉ ๋ณต์†Œ์ˆ˜ ์ง„ํญ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 2.6 ํŽ˜์ด์ € ํ•ฉ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฐ™๊ณ  ์ง„ํญ๊ณผ ์œ„์ƒ ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ : ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ฝ”์‚ฌ์ธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋จ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First Phasor Addition Proof Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First WANT to ADD SINUSOIDS 2.6.3 ํŽ˜์ด์ € ํ•ฉ ๊ทœ์น™ : ์˜ˆ์ œ ALL SINUSOIDS have SAME FREQUENCY HOW to GET {Amp,Phase} of RESULT ? Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ADD SINUSOIDS EXAMPLE tm1 tm2 tm3 Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First Tm1, Tm2, Tm3 ์—์„œ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€์น˜๋Š”? ๋‘ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํŽ˜์ด์ € ํ•ฉ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 1. ๋‘ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ํŽ˜์ด์ €๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„. 2. ๋‘ ํŽ˜์ด์ ธ๋ฅผ ์ง๊ฐ ์ขŒํ‘œ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ˜• 3. ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ถ€์™€ ํ—ˆ์ˆ˜๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ทน์ขŒํ‘œํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ADD SINUSOIDS X1 VECTOR (PHASOR) ADD X3 X2 Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ADD SINUSOIDS Sum Sinusoid has SAME Frequency Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First <LECTURE #3> ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ํ‘œํ˜„ ( Spectrum Representation)

Signal Processing First Contents 3.1 ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ๋“ค์˜ ํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ 3.2 ๋น„ํŠธ ์Œ์ƒ‰ 3.3 ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํŒŒํ˜•๋“ค 3.4 ํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ธ‰์ˆ˜ 3.5 ํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ธ‰์ˆ˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ 3.6 ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ถ„์„ 3.7 ์‹œ๊ฐ„-์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ 3.8 ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€์กฐ : ์ฒ˜ํ”„์‹ ํ˜ธ(Chirp Signals) Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First Review ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ ํŽ˜์ด์ € : ๋™์ผ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ์˜ ๋ง์…ˆ์„ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ํ‘œํ˜„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ. 3์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง„ํญ๊ณผ ์œ„์ƒ, ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ธํŒŒ์˜ ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ํŒŒํ˜• ์„ค๋ช… Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 3.1 ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ๋“ค์˜ ํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜, ํฌ๊ธฐ, ์œ„์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” N๊ฐœ์˜ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ์˜ ํ•ฉ ๊ฐ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ๋ณต์†Œ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ธ ์ƒ์ˆ˜, ๊ฐ ๋ณต์†Œ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์—ญ ์˜ค์ผ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณต์‹ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด 2N+1๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ณต์†Œ ํฌ๊ธฐ(ํŽ˜์ด์ €)์™€ 2N+1๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ๋“ค์˜ ์–‘์ธ ๋Œ€์—ญ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ(two-sided spectrum)์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ fk์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ํŽ˜์ด์ € ๋“ค์˜ ์Œ์˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ Signal Processing First

SPECTRUM Interpretation Cosine = sum of 2 complex exponentials: One has a positive frequency The other has negative freq. Amplitude of each is half as big Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First SPECTRUM of SINE Sine = sum of 2 complex exponentials: Positive freq. has phase = -0.5p Negative freq. has phase = +0.5p Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First GRAPHICAL SPECTRUM EXAMPLE of SINE w 7 -7 AMPLITUDE, PHASE & FREQUENCY are shown Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์˜ˆ์ œ 3-1 ์–‘์ธกํŒŒ๋Œ€ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ 3.1.1 ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ๋ณ€ํ™˜(Notation Change) X0๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  Xk ์— ยฝ์ด ๊ณฑํ•ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐํ˜ธ a k ๋กœ ์ •์˜ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 3.1.2 ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 100 250 โ€“100 โ€“250 f (in Hz) Signal Processing First

Gather (A,w,f) information Frequencies: -250 Hz -100 Hz 0 Hz 100 Hz 250 Hz Amplitude & Phase 4 -p/2 7 +p/3 10 0 7 -p/3 4 +p/2 Note the conjugate phase DC is another name for zero-freq component DC component always has f=0 or p (for real x(t) ) Signal Processing First

Add Spectrum Components-1 Frequencies: -250 Hz -100 Hz 0 Hz 100 Hz 250 Hz Amplitude & Phase 4 -p/2 7 +p/3 10 0 7 -p/3 4 +p/2 Signal Processing First

Add Spectrum Components-2 100 250 โ€“100 โ€“250 f (in Hz) Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 3.2 ๋น„ํŠธ ์Œ์ƒ‰ 3.2.1 ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณฑ์…ˆ ๋‘ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์—ญ ์˜ค์ผ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณต์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘ผ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ) 3.2.2 ๋น„ํŠธ ์Œ์ƒ‰ ํŒŒํ˜• 1/2 f f1 fc f2 Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 3.2.3 ์ง„ํญ ๋ณ€์กฐ(Amplitude Modulation) ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์— ๋†’์€ ๋ฐ˜์†ก ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ • ํฌ๋ฝ์„ ์ด 0์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3-5 ์ฐธ์กฐ 5/2 1 1 fc - fฮ” fc fc + fฮ” Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First AM Radio Signal Same as BEAT Notes Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First SPECTRUM of AM (Beat) 4 complex exponentials in AM: โ€“672 โ€“648 648 672 f (in Hz) What is the fundamental frequency? 648 Hz ? 24 Hz ? Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 3.3 ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํŒŒํ˜•๋“ค ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ์˜ ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ(harmonic)๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜(fundamental frequency)์˜ ์ •์ˆ˜๋ฐฐ์ž„ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ : ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ณต์•ฝ์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ‘ผ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ) 1.2, 2, 6Hz์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š”? ์ฝ”์‚ฌ์ธ์˜ ๋ณต์†Œ ์ง€์ˆ˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ Signal Processing First

Example: Synthetic Vowel Sum of 5 Frequency Components Signal Processing First

SPECTRUM of VOWEL (Polar Format) Signal Processing First

Vowel Waveform (sum of all 5 components) 200Hz 200+400+500Hz f0 = 200 f0 = 100 f0 = 100 ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์  ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ž„. f0 = 200 f0 = 100 200+400Hz Signal Processing First

Harmonic Signal (3 Freqs) T=0.1 Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First NON-Harmonic Signal NOT PERIODIC Signal Processing First

3.4 ํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ธ‰์ˆ˜(Fourier Series) 3.4.1 ํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ธ‰์ˆ˜ : ํ•ฉ์„ฑ(synthesis) & ๋ถ„์„(Analysis) ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ๋ณต์†Œ ์ง„ํญ์€ ํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์— ์ ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ T0 ๋Š” x(t)์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ž„ DC ์„ฑ๋ถ„์€ k =0์ผ ๋•Œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First SQUARE WAVE EXAMPLE โ€“.02 .02 0.04 1 t x(t) .01 Signal Processing First

FS for a SQUARE WAVE {ak} Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First DC Coefficient: a0 Signal Processing First

Fourier Coefficients ak ak is a function of k Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 3.6.2 ๊ตฌํ˜•ํŒŒ์˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ 1/k ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คŒ Signal Processing First

3.8 ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€์กฐ : ์ฒ˜ํ”„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ(Chrip Signals) 3.8.1 ์ฒ˜ํ”„ ๋˜๋Š” ์„ ํ˜• ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜(Linearly Swept Frequency) ์ฒ˜ํ”„ : ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ’์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ’๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ ํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First <LECTURE #4> ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง๊ณผ ์—์ผ๋ฆฌ์–ด์‹ฑ ( Sampling & Aliasing)

Signal Processing First Contents 4.1 ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง 4.2 ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง์˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๊ณผ ๋ณต์› 4.4 ์ด์‚ฐ-์—ฐ์†(D/C) ๋ณ€ํ™˜ 4.5 ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง ์ •๋ฆฌ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First LECTURE OBJECTIVES SAMPLING can cause ALIASING Sampling Theorem Sampling Rate > 2(Highest Frequency) Spectrum for digital signals, x[n] Normalized Frequency ALIASING Signal Processing First

System IMPLEMENTATION ANALOG/ELECTRONIC: Circuits: resistors, capacitors, op-amps ELECTRONICS x(t) y(t) DIGITAL/MICROPROCESSOR Convert x(t) to numbers stored in memory COMPUTER D-to-A A-to-D x(t) y(t) y[n] x[n] Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First SAMPLING RATE, fs SAMPLING RATE (fs) fs =1/Ts NUMBER of SAMPLES PER SECOND Ts = 125 microsec ๏ƒ  fs = 8000 samples/sec UNITS ARE HERTZ: 8000 Hz UNIFORM SAMPLING at t = nTs = n/fs IDEAL: x[n] = x(nTs)=x(n/fs) x[n]=x(nTs) x(t) C-to-D Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 4.1.1 ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง ์˜ˆ) ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-3 ์ฐธ์กฐ ์ •๊ทœํ™”๋œ ๋ผ๋””์•ˆ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ rad ๋‹จ์œ„ ํ™•์ธ rad/sec Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First DIGITAL FREQUENCY VARIES from 0 to 2p, as f varies from 0 to the sampling frequency UNITS are radians, not rad/sec DIGITAL FREQUENCY is NORMALIZED Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 4.1.2 ์—์ผ๋ฆฌ์–ด์‹ฑ(Aliasing)์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ์‚ผ๊ฐํ•จ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 2*pi๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ธฐํ•จ์ˆ˜์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋จ. ์˜ˆ) Alias : ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐœ์˜ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ด์‚ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋“ค Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ALIASING DERIVATION Other Frequencies give the same Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ALIASING CONCLUSIONS ADDING fs or 2fs or โ€“fs to the FREQ of x(t) gives exactly the same x[n] The samples, x[n] = x(n/ fs ) are EXACTLY THE SAME VALUES GIVEN x[n], WE CANโ€™T DISTINGUISH fo FROM (fo + fs ) or (fo + 2fs ) Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 4.1.4 ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง ์ด๋ก  Shannon์˜ sampling theorem ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ fmax์ธ ์—ฐ์†์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ x(t)๋ฅผ ๋ณต์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ 2fmax๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ™์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ตœ์†Œ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง ์œจ : Nyquist sampling rate ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ : ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง ์œจ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ €์žฅ์žฅ์น˜์™€ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์†๋„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™” ์˜ˆ) ์˜ค๋””์˜ค CD : 44.1kHz(๊ฐ€์ฒญ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜ ์•ฝ 2๋ฐฐ) ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” 2fmax ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์„ค์ •ํ•จ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 4.1.5 Ideal Reconstruction D/C ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๊ณผ์ • Shannon์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง ์ด๋ก ์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋ฉด D/C ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ํ›„ ์›๋ž˜์˜ ํŒŒํ˜•๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค ์ถœ๋ ฅ ํŒŒํ˜•์ด ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ADC ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋นˆ ๊ณณ์— ๊ฐ’์„ ๋„ฃ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณต์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค ๊ทผ์‚ฌํ™” ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•จ : ๋ณด๊ฐ„๋ฒ•(Interpolation) Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ (์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ) ์ธก๋ฉด ์ด์‚ฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ์—์ผ๋ฆฌ์–ด์Šค ์กด์žฌ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ C/D ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ์„ ํƒ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ โ€“ ยฝfs ~ ยฝfs ์กด์žฌ 4.2 ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง์˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๊ณผ ๋ณต์› ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๊บพ๊ธฐ(Folding) ์—์ผ๋ฆฌ์–ด์‹ฑ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 4.2.1 ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง์— ์˜ํ•ด ์–ป์€ ์ด์‚ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง๋œ ์ด์‚ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ : ์˜ˆ) ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์˜ค Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-8~4-11 ์ฐธ์กฐ 100Hz์˜ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ์ผ ๋•Œ Fs = 500Hz, 80Hz, 100Hz์˜ ํŒŒํ˜• ๋น„๊ต ์ •๊ทœํ™”๋œ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ๋น„๊ต Over-sampling Fmax์˜ 2๋ฐฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐœ์˜ ์—์ผ๋ฆฌ์–ด์Šค ์ค‘ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์—์ผ๋ฆฌ์–ด์Šค ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ โ€“ ยฝfs ~ ยฝfs ์กด์žฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-8 ์ฐธ์กฐ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First SPECTRUM (MORE LINES) 2p(0.1) โ€“0.2p โ€“1.8p 1.8p Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 4.2.3 Under-sampling ์ผ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-9 ์ฐธ์กฐ ์—์ผ๋ฆฌ์–ด์Šค ์กด์žฌ Signal Processing First

SPECTRUM (ALIASING CASE) Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์™€ Fs๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 0์ธ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ, ์ฆ‰ DC๋ฅผ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Œ 4.2.4 Under-sampling์— ์˜ํ•œ folding ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-11 ์ฐธ์กฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 100Hz๊ณ  ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง ์œจ(fs) = 125Hz๋ผ๊ณ  ํ• ๋•Œ ์ •๊ทœํ™”๋œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋Š” ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ : ์œ„์ƒ ๋ถ€ํ˜ธ ๋ณ€ํ™” ํ™•์ธ ์œ„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐ˜์ „๋จ Signal Processing First

SPECTRUM (FOLDING CASE) Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 4.4 ์ด์‚ฐ-์—ฐ์†(D/C) ๋ณ€ํ™˜ 4.4.1 ํŽ„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ณด๊ฐ„๋ฒ• p(t) Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 4.4.2 zero-order hold interpolation ๊ตฌํ˜•ํŒŒ ํŽ„์Šค์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ : Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 4.4.3 ์„ ํ˜• ๋ณด๊ฐ„๋ฒ• ์‚ผ๊ฐ ํŽ„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ : Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 4.4.4 ์‚ผ์ฐจ ๊ณก์„ (Cubic Spline)์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ฐ„๋ฒ• ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-22 ์ฐธ์กฐ ์ ์  ๋” ์› ์‹ ํ˜ธ์— ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•จ 4.4.5 ๊ณผ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ณด๊ฐ„๋ฒ• ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-23, 24, 25 ์ฐธ์กฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ์›๋ž˜์˜ ํŒŒํ˜•๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ด ์ง€๋ ค๋ฉด Sinc ํ˜•ํƒœ ํ˜น์€ ๊ณผ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง ๊ณผ์ •์ด ํ•„์š” Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First <LECTURE #5> ( FIR filter)

Signal Processing First Contents ์ด๋™ํ‰๊ท ํ•„ํ„ฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ FIR ํ•„ํ„ฐ FIR ํ•„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ตฌํ˜„ ์„ ํ˜• ์‹œ๋ถˆ๋ณ€(LTI) ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ฝ˜๋ณผ๋ฃจ์…˜๊ณผ LTI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ง๋ ฌ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ LTI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ FIR ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ง์˜ ์˜ˆ Signal Processing First

5.2 ์ด๋™ ํ‰๊ท (moving average) ํ•„ํ„ฐ ์ด๋™ ํ‰๊ท  ํ•„ํ„ฐ FIR ํ•„ํ„ฐ์˜ ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋งค๋„๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5-2 ์ฐธ์กฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5-3 ์ฐธ์กฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ž…๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ๋จ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์€ ์ž…๋ ฅ์„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€ํŠธ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊พผ ํ˜•ํƒœ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First Moving average ์œ ํ•œ๊ธธ์ด ์ž…๋ ฅ ์‹ ํ˜ธ x[n] n Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 3-PT AVERAGE SYSTEM ADD 3 CONSECUTIVE NUMBERS Do this for each โ€œnโ€ Make a TABLE n=0 Signal Processing First n=1

Signal Processing First INPUT SIGNAL OUTPUT SIGNAL Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE โ€œnโ€ is TIME Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ANOTHER 3-pt AVERAGER Causal filter : real time system non-causal filter : saved system Uses โ€œPASTโ€ VALUES of x[n] IMPORTANT IF โ€œnโ€ represents REAL TIME WHEN x[n] & y[n] ARE STREAMS Backward average Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First GENERAL FIR FILTER FILTER COEFFICIENTS {bk} DEFINE THE FILTER For example, Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First GENERAL FIR FILTER FILTER COEFFICIENTS {bk} FILTER ORDER is M FILTER LENGTH is L = M+1 NUMBER of FILTER COEFFS is L Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First GENERAL FIR FILTER SLIDE a WINDOW across x[n] x[n-M] x[n] Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First FILTERED STOCK SIGNAL INPUT OUTPUT 50-pt Averager Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 3์  ์ด๋™ ํ‰๊ท  ๊ณ„์‚ฐ 7์  ์ด๋™ ํ‰๊ท  ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์žก์Œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First FILTERING EXAMPLE 7-point AVERAGER Removes cosine By making its amplitude (A) smaller 3-point AVERAGER Changes A slightly Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 3-pt AVG EXAMPLE USE PAST VALUES Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 7-pt FIR EXAMPLE (AVG) CAUSAL: Use Previous Signal Processing First LONGER OUTPUT

Signal Processing First 5.3.2 ๋‹จ์œ„ ์ž„ํŽ„์Šค ์‘๋‹ต ๋‹จ์œ„ ์ž„ํŽ„์Šค์—ด UNIT-IMPULSE 1 n Signal Processing First

UNIT IMPULSE SIGNAL d[n] d[n] is NON-ZERO When its argument is equal to ZERO Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First MATH FORMULA for x[n] Use SHIFTED IMPULSES to write x[n] Signal Processing First

SUM of SHIFTED IMPULSES This formula ALWAYS works Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 4-pt AVERAGER CAUSAL SYSTEM: USE PAST VALUES INPUT = UNIT IMPULSE SIGNAL = d[n] OUTPUT is called โ€œIMPULSE RESPONSEโ€ Signal Processing First

4-pt Avg Impulse Response d[n] โ€œREADS OUTโ€ the FILTER COEFFICIENTS n=0 โ€œhโ€ in h[n] denotes Impulse Response NON-ZERO When window overlaps d[n] 1 n n=โ€“1 n=0 n=1 n=4 n=5 Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First FIR IMPULSE RESPONSE Convolution = Filter Definition Filter Coeffs = Impulse Response CONVOLUTION Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First LTI: Convolution Sum Output = Convolution of x[n] & h[n] NOTATION: Here is the FIR case: FINITE LIMITS Same as bk Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First CONVOLUTION Example Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First HARDWARE STRUCTURES INTERNAL STRUCTURE of โ€œFILTERโ€ WHAT COMPONENTS ARE NEEDED? HOW DO WE โ€œHOOKโ€ THEM TOGETHER? SIGNAL FLOW GRAPH NOTATION x[n] FILTER y[n] Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First HARDWARE ATOMS Add, Multiply & Store Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First FIR STRUCTURE Direct Form SIGNAL FLOW GRAPH Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 5.5 LTI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ TESTING Time-Invariance Ex) ์ œ๊ณฑ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์‹œ๋ถˆ๋ณ€์ธ๊ฐ€? Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First Superposition TESTING LINEARITY Ex) ์ œ๊ณฑ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์„ ํ˜• ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ธ๊ฐ€? Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 5.6 ์ฝ˜๋ณผ๋ฃจ์…˜๊ณผ LTI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ 5.6.2 LTI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ž๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ฝ˜๋ณผ๋ฃจ์…˜ ์ฝ˜๋ณผ๋ฃจ์…˜์˜ ๊ตํ™˜์„ฑ ์ฝ˜๋ณผ๋ฃจ์…˜์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์„ฑ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First CASCADE EQUIVALENT Find โ€œoverallโ€ h[n] for a cascade ? S1 S2 S2 S1 Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First <LECTURE #6> ( Frequency response of FIR filter)

Signal Processing First Contents 6.1 FIR ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ ์‘๋‹ต 6.2 ์ค‘์ฒฉ๊ณผ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ต 6.3 ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต 6.4 ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ต์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 6.5 ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ต์˜ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์  ํ‘œํ˜„ 6.6 ์ง๋ ฌ ์„ ํ˜• ๋ถˆ๋ณ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ 6.7 ์ด๋™ ํ‰๊ท  ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ง 6.8 ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋œ ์—ฐ์†์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ง Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ž…๋ ฅ : ์ •๊ทœํ™”๋œ ๋ผ๋””์•ˆ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ณต์†Œ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด x[n] is the input signalโ€”a complex exponential Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First COMPLEX EXP OUTPUT ์ž…๋ ฅ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First FREQUENCY REPONSE ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ต์€ ๊ทนํ‘œํ˜„์‹ : Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First Ex) ์ž…๋ ฅ : ์ถœ๋ ฅ์€? ์ž…๋ ฅ ๋ณต์†Œ ์ง€์ˆ˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ์œ„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ LTI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ต ํ•จ์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋จ. ์œ„์ƒ : ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์œ„์ƒ ๋ณ€์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํฌ๊ธฐ : ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ด๋“์ด ์ƒ๊น€ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First EXAMPLE 6.1 ์ฐจ๋ถ„ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์˜ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ : Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First EXAMPLE 6.2 x[n] y[n] Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First EXAMPLE 6.2 (answer) ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ต ์ž…๋ ฅ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First EXERICE 6.2-1 ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์—ด์ด ๋Œ€์นญ์ผ๋•Œ, ์ฆ‰, {bk}={1, -2, 4, -2, 1}์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ FIR ํ•„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ต? Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 6.2 ์ค‘์ฒฉ๊ณผ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ต ์ž…๋ ฅ์ด ๋ณต์†Œ ์ง€์ˆ˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํ•ฉ์ด๋ฉด ์ถฉ์ฒฉ์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ์†์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ ์˜ˆ) LTI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ : ๋ณต์†Œ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋ฉด ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋ณต์†Œ ์ง€์ˆ˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ฐ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€์‘๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ต ๊ณผ ๊ณฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๋”ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ. Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First EXAMPLE: COSINE INPUT y[n] x[n] Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First EX: COSINE INPUT Use Linearity Signal Processing First

EX: COSINE INPUT (ans-2) Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First LTI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ด ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ด๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋•Œ ์ด ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด Y[n]์€? Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First EXERICE 6.4 ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ {bk}={1, 2, 1}์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” FIR ํ•„ํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ด ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์„ ๋•Œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ผ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 6.3 ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ 0์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ณต์†Œ ์ง€์ˆ˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ LTI FIR ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์€ ๊ณผ๋„์ƒํƒœ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First Ex) ํ•„ํ„ฐ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ต์€ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์‹ ํ˜ธ : 3<M์ผ๋•Œ ๊ณผ๋„ ์˜์—ญ ์ƒํƒœ M=4์ผ๋•Œ ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ •์ƒ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ์ž…๋ ฅ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์Šค์ผ€์ผํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  2์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ์ด๋™ํ•จ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 6.4 ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ต์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 6.4.1 ์ž„ํŽ„์Šค ์‘๋‹ต๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์˜์—ญ ๏ƒŸ๏ƒ  ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์˜์—ญ ์˜ˆ) ์ž„ํŽ„์Šค ์‘๋‹ต ํ•„ํ„ฐ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ์ฐจ๋ถ„ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ต Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์˜ˆ) ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 6.4.2 ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์„ฑ 6.4.3 ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋Œ€์นญ์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์ฃผ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ์œ„์ƒ์€ ๋Œ€์นญ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋Œ€์นญ(conjugate symmetry) ํฌ๊ธฐ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ : ์šฐํ•จ์ˆ˜ ์œ„์ƒ : ๊ธฐํ•จ์ˆ˜ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 6.5 ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ต์˜ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์  ํ‘œํ˜„ 6.5.1 ์ง€์—ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ฐจ๋ถ„ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ต ํ•„ํ„ฐ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ : 1 ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ : -n0 Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 6.5.2 1์ฐจ ์ฐจ๋ถ„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ LTI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ต Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ต์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ์œ„์ƒ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๊ณ ๋Œ€์—ญ ํ†ต๊ณผ ํ•„ํ„ฐ -2pi 0 pi 2pi Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First EXAMPLE 6.8 ์ผ์ฐจ ์ฐจ๋ถ„์˜ ์ƒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ’ ์ œ๊ฑฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ €๋Œ€์—ญํ†ต๊ณผ ํ•„ํ„ฐ(LPF) ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6-5 ์ฐธ์กฐ 0์—์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ , Pi ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—์„œ ์ตœ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ ์œ„์ƒ ํฌ๊ธฐ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First EXAMPLE 6.9 ์ž…๋ ฅ : ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ต : MATLAB ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•˜์‹œ์˜ค Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ x[n] y[n] Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 6.6 ์ง๋ ฌ ์„ ํ˜• ๋ถˆ๋ณ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ Cascaded LTI systems LTI1 LTI2 LTI2 LTI1 LTI Equivalent ์ž„ํŽ„์Šค ์‘๋‹ต ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ต Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์˜ˆ์ œ 6-10 ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‘ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ ์ „์ฒด ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ต์€? ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ : {2, 4, 4, 2}, {1, -2, 1} 6.7 ์ด๋™ ํ‰๊ท  ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ง Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 6.7.1 ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ต์˜ ๋„์‹œ(11-points) ๋ถ„์ž : ๋ถ„๋ชจ : ์ •์ˆ˜ ์ตœ์†Œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ์˜ ์„ฑ์งˆ ์˜ ์šฐํ•จ์ˆ˜์ด๋ฉฐ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ์—์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง„๋™ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ์˜ 0์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜์—์„œ ์˜์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 2.7.2 ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ์œ„์ƒ์˜ ์ง๋ ฌ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ์ง€์—ฐ์„ฑ๋ถ„ Delay : ํ™€์ˆ˜์ผ๋•Œ ๏ƒ  ์ •์ˆ˜ : ์ง์ˆ˜์ผ๋•Œ ๏ƒ  ์ •์ˆ˜ ์•„๋‹˜ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 6.8 ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋œ ์—ฐ์†์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ง Ideal C/D Ideal D/C ์ž…๋ ฅ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง ํ›„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋ฉด( ) ์น˜ํ™˜ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 6.8.1 ์˜ˆ์ œ : ์ €๋Œ€์—ญํ†ต๊ณผ ํ•„ํ„ฐ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 6.8.2 ์ง€์—ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด์„ ์ง€์—ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ : Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First <LECTURE #7> Z-๋ณ€ํ™˜ ( Z-Transform)

Signal Processing First 7.1 z-๋ณ€ํ™˜์˜ ์ •์˜ ์œ ํ•œ ๊ธธ์ด ์˜ˆ) n ์˜์—ญ z ์˜์—ญ k ๋ฒˆ์งธ์˜ ์ˆ˜์—ด๊ฐ’์€ ๋‹คํ•ญ์‹ X(z)์—์„œ z-1์˜ k ์ œ๊ณฑ์˜ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์ž„ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์˜ˆ์ œ 7-1 ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ z ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ์—ญ z ๋ณ€ํ™˜ n n<-1 -1 1 2 3 4 5 n>5 X[n] 6 n n<-1 -1 1 2 3 4 5 n>5 X[n] Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 7.2 z ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ณผ ์„ ํ˜• ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ 7.2.1 FIR ํ•„ํ„ฐ์˜ z-๋ณ€ํ™˜ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First ์˜ˆ์ œ 7-3 : ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜์ ๋“ค FIR ํ•„ํ„ฐ : z ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ : ์˜ˆ) z ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ : ? ์˜์  Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 7.3 z ๋ณ€ํ™˜์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ z ๋ณ€ํ™˜์˜ ์ค‘์ฒฉ ํŠน์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์—ด ์ด๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ํ•œ ๊ธธ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 7.3.2 z ๋ณ€ํ™˜์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง€์—ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ n n<-1 -1 1 2 3 4 5 n>5 X[n] 9 X[n]์€ ๋‹คํ•ญ์‹ X(z)์˜ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋“ค ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ’๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ’๋“ค์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ถ• ์œ„์น˜์— ๋Œ€์‘๋จ ์˜ˆ) ํ•ญ์€ n=2์ผ ๋•Œ, ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ’์ด 4๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•จ. Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First Z-1์„ ๋‹คํ•ญ์‹์— ๊ณฑํ•  ๋•Œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ? n n<-1 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 n>5 X[n] 9 ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™” ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ์ง€์—ฐ์€ z ๋ณ€ํ™˜์— z-1์„ ๊ณฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์œ„ ์ง€์—ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด๋ผํ•จ Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 7.4.3 ๋ธ”๋ก ํƒ€์ด์–ด๊ทธ๋žจ z-1 Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First 7.5 ์ฝ˜๋ณผ๋ฃจ์…˜ z ๋ณ€ํ™˜ MULTIPLY Z-TRANSFORMS Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First N-์˜์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ์ฝ˜๋ณผ๋ฃจ์…˜์€ z-์˜์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณฑ์— ํ•ด๋‹น Signal Processing First

Signal Processing First CASCADE EXAMPLE x[n] y[n] w[n] y[n] x[n] Signal Processing First