[종합문법 : 제 15 장 ] < 수 동 태(受動態) > [제15장]수동태 [종합문법 : 제 15 장 ] < 수 동 태(受動態) > [제15장]수동태
She (주어) loves (동사) him(목적어). (능동태) ◈( 수 동 태 )=> be + 과거분사(p.p.) ◈ She (주어) loves (동사) him(목적어). (능동태) He is loved by her. (수동태) (수동태 주어) (be +과거분사) (by+목적격) Ⅰ. 능동태 => 수동태 ①현재 • He paints those pictures. => Those pictures by him. are painted • They speak well ( ill) of Mary. => Mary is well ( ill ) spoken of by them. = Mary is looked up to by them.[타동+부사+전치사] ②과거 • She took good care of the baby.[take care of ] => ▶참조: Good care 를 took 목적어로 볼 때(약간 사용) The baby by her. was taken good care of Good care was taken of the baby by her.
• I am going to invite Tom. The work at once by you. must be done ③미 래 • We will elect a new president. => A new president by us. will be elected ④[현,과,미] • They have(had) broken the window. 완료형 => The window by them. has(had) been broken ⑤[현재,과거] • She is(was) making a doll. 진행형 => A doll by her. is(was) being made ⑥조동사 • You must do the work at once. => • I am going to invite Tom. The work at once by you. must be done Tom is going to be invited (by me). ◈ 수동태 불가능 타동사 have, become(어울리다) resemble(닮다), lack, meet • He has a car. => A car is had by him.( ) • (The boy resembles his mother.) • (The girl lacked musical ability.)•( Her new dress becomes her well.)
Ⅱ. 4 형식(S+V+I.O+D.O) 수동태 =>1, 3형식 문장 I gave him the book. => (직목 주어) => (간목 주어) The book was given (to) him by me.(1) [전치사 (to), for, of 쓰임] He was given the book by me. (3) ⊙ She bought me a bike. => (직목 주어) => A bike was bought for me by her. I was bought a bike by her. ():간목 주어 수동不可 ◈ read,write / pass,sing / get,bring,make / buy,sell =>직.목을 주어로만 수동태 She made me a doll.=>A doll was made for me by her. I wrote him a letter.=>A letter was written him by me. ⊙ They envied him his luck. => (간목 주어) => He was envied his luck by them. His luck was envied him by them. ():직목 수동不可 ◈ kiss,envy / answer,save :간.목을 주어로만 수동태
Ⅲ . 5 형식(S + V + O + O.C) 수동태 => 2형식 문장 a. We elected him chairman. b. The lady asked us to push her car. c. Mother made us work hard. (사역동사) d. I saw him enter the room. (지각동사) e. She let me go there.{let 수동태는 be allowed to 사용} He was elected chairman by us. We were asked to push her car by the lady. We were made hard by Mother. to work He was seen the room by me. to enter I was allowed to go by her. Ⅳ. 부정문의 수동태 (평서문: She liked him.) She did not like him.→ => Nothing pleases her.=> He was liked by her. not She is pleased with nothing.() She is not pleased with anything.(not의 文頭 성질)
By whom was this window broken? Ⅴ. 의문문 수동태 (변환 순서에 주목) 1. Did you find the book? (수동태로) a)평서문 으로 : You found the book. b)수 동 태 로 : The book was found by you. c)의문문(정답): Was the book found by you? 2. Who broke this window? (수동태로) a)평서문 으로 : He broke this window. b)수동태로 : This window was broken by him. c)의문문 : Was this window broken by him? (= by whom) d)(정답): (= ) By whom was this window broken? Who was this window broken by ? 3. What did he write on the blackboard?(수동태로) a)평서문: He wrote what(= it ) on the blackboard. (정답): What was written on the blackboard by him?
• Don’t kill the bird.=> c) 간접명령: 상태편을 통한 제 3자에게 명령 ( ) Ⅵ. 명령문 a) 긍정명령 ( ) • Do it at once.=> b) 부정명령 ( ) • Don’t kill the bird.=> c) 간접명령: 상태편을 통한 제 3자에게 명령 ( ) ( ) Let + O + be + p.p Let it be done at once. Let+O+not be+p.p, Don’t let+O+be+p.p Let the bird not be killed. (or) Don’t let the bird be killed. Let+O+be+p.p+by 행위자 Let+O+not be+p.p[Don’t let+O+be+p.p]+by행위자 • Let him do it.=> Let it be done by him. (명령문 어순) • Don’t let him do it.=> Let it not be done by him. Don’t let it be done by him.
We shall pay every careful attention to his words. => Ⅶ. 동사구 수동태 a) 자동사 + 전치사= 타동사구 He laughed at me. => b) 타동사+ 목적어 + 전치사= 타동사구 ◈[take good care of, take advantage of, pay attention to] We shall pay every careful attention to his words. => c) 동사+ 부사 + 전치사= 타동사구 They looked up to him. (look up tolook down on) They speak well of Mary. (speak well of:칭찬하다) She always speaks ill of him.(speak ill of:비난하다) I was laughed at by him. His words will be paid every careful attention to by us. Every careful attention will be paid to his words by us. He was looked up to by them. Mary is well spoken of (by them). ㈜ well 위치 He is always ill spoken of by her. ㈜ ill 위치
He was believed to be rich by me. Ⅷ.목적어 명사절(주절과 종속절 시제 관계에 유의) a) I request that she (should) be sent home. => It is requested that she (should) be sent home. b1) They say that he is rich. => say, believe, know, expect, suppose(생각,추측),consider(간주하다) => 2 가지 수동태 가능 It is said that he is rich. He is said to be rich. b2) I believed that he was rich. => b3) Nobody believes that he was rich.(※no= not any) It was believed by me that he was rich. He was believed to be rich by me. (단순부정사):시제 같은 경우 It is not believed by anybody that he was rich. He is not believed to have been rich by anybody. (완료형 부정사):시제 다른 경우
Anything does not please her. () => Nothing please her. () [no not+any ; never not +ever ; neither not+ either ] [nobody not + anybody; nothing not + anything ; no one not anyone] Anything does not please her. () => Nothing please her. () (수) She is pleased with nothing. () => She is not pleased with anything. () Anyone has never solved the problem. () => No one has ever solved the problem. () (수) The problem has ever been solved by no one. () => The problem has never been solved by anyone.() [예] • I think that he is not a good teacher. () I don’t think that he is a good teacher. () • Anyone will not believe what he says. () Nobody will believe what he says. ()
The news surprised me.=> I was surprised at the news. ◈ by 이외의 전치사 ◈ The news surprised me.=> I was surprised at the news. ◈ The secret is known to everybody. ~에게 알려지다 A man is known by his friends. ~로 알 수 있다 He was known for his autobiography. ~로 유명하다 ◈ She was married to a rich merchant. ◈ He was killed by the murder. He was killed with a stone. ◈ The ground was covered with snow. ◈ I am interested in English. ◈ He was not pleased with anything. ◈ This desk was made of wood. Wine is made from grape. ◈ He was dressed in white.
• Workmen were occupied in building new roads. ◈ be occupied in(with) : ~에 종사하다 • Workmen were occupied in building new roads. ◈ be dressed in : ~을 입고있다 • She was dressed in white. ◈ be caught in : ~을 만나다 • I was caught in a shower on my way home. ◈ be acquainted with : ~을 알아보다(알게 되다) • I am not acquainted with him. ◈ be filled with : ~으로 가득차다 ◈ be satisfied with : ~에 만족하다 ◈ be worried about : ~에 대해 걱정하다 ◈ be disappointed at(in, with) : ~에 대해 실망하다 ◈ be amused at : ~을 재미 있어 하다 ◈ be delighted at(with) : ~에 대해 기뻐하다 ◈ be shocked[frightened] at : ~에 놀라다
My homework will be finished tonight. ( by me) 일반인, 막연한 사람) My homework will be finished tonight. ( by me) English is spoken in America. ( by them) He was killed in the war ( by them). ※ have(get)+ O + p.p =>a) ~을 시키다 b) ~을 당하다 a) I had (got) my radio repaired. (능동형 수동태) (뜻) b) I had (got) my money stolen. (능동형 수동태) My radio was repaired by the repairman. My money was stolen by someone. ※ 동작 수동(~되어지다)과 상태 수동(~되어져 있다) The gate is opened at six. (동작) The gate is opened. (상태) I am not used to such things. (상태) You will get(become,grow) used to such things.(동작)
• I am engaged in writing a book. ※ 관용적으로 쓰인 수동형 ◈ (출생,종사,상태,행사,위치) • I was born in 1960. • I am engaged in writing a book. • He was married to Mary.(= He married Mary:동작) • The games were held in Seoul. • The school is located(=is situated) on the hill. ◈ (감정) • I was surprised (to hear the news.)(~ at the news.) • My father is pleased with my success. ◈ (재해,피해) • He was drowned in the river.[The river drowned him.()] • Three people were injured in the accident. • He was burnt to death. • The crops were damaged by flood.
a) 술어동사의 능동수동:[술어동사를 수동으로 해석] ※ 능동 수동태 해석: (능동태를 수동태로 해석) a) 술어동사의 능동수동:[술어동사를 수동으로 해석] The book sells well. (팔린다) [cf] He sold the watch. • His novels read well. (읽혀진다) • The house is building. (건설되다) • The meal is now cooking. (요리되다) • The oranges peel well. (벗겨진다) • The door locks automatically. (잠긴다) • The paper does not tear straight. (찢어진다) • The committee consists five men. (구성 되어져 있다) b) (동)명사의 능동 수동 해석:[(동)명사를 수동 뜻 해석] The grass wants cutting.(=The grass needs to be cut.) c) 부정사의 능동 수동 해석: [부정사를 수동으로 해석] He is to blame for it.(=He is to be blamed for it.) There is no time to lose.(=There is no time to be lost) • You are to blame. (비난 받다) • This house is not to let but to sell.(세 내줄 집, 팔려는 집)