11. Over time, I have become increasingly aware/ that the world is divided into people [who wait for others to give them permission/ to do the things [they want to do]] and people [who grant themselves permission]. Over time 시간이 지남에따라 Increasingly 점점 더, 갈수록 더 Grant 주다, 허가하다, 승인하다

Some look /inside themselves/ for motivation and others wait to be pushed forward by outside forces. From my experience, there is a lot to be said for seizing opportunities/ instead of waiting for someone to hand them to you. There is a lot to be said for ~ ~ 에 대해 많이 들었다 Seize 잡다 opportunity 기회 Instead of ~ ~ 대신에 Hand 건네주다

There are always white spaces [ready to be filled] and golden nuggets of opportunities [lying on the ground waiting for someone to pick them up]. Golden nugget 금괴 Lie ~ 에 놓여있다, ~ 에 있다 –lay-lain Cf. lie 거짓말하다 – lied – lied Cf. lay ~ 을 놓다, 두다, ( 알을 ) 낳다 – laid - laid

Sometimes it means looking beyond your own desk, outside your building, across the street, or around the corner. But the nuggets are there/ for the taking/ by anyone [willing to gather them up]. Taking 획득, 취득 Willing 기꺼이 ~ 하는 Gather ~ up ~ 을 주워모으다 ③ Don’t Hesitate to Take Hold of Opportunities

12. Several studies have found/ that pet owners have lower blood pressure, a reduced risk of heart disease, and lower levels of stress. Pets can also be a plus in the workplace. A study found/ that in the course of workday, stress levels decreased/ for workers [who brought in their dogs]. In the course of ~ ~ 동안

The differences/ in perceived stress/ between days [the dog was present and absent] were significant. The employees [as a whole] had a higher job satisfaction than industry norms. Perceive 감지하다, 인지하다 Present 출석한 absent 결석한 Significant 상당한, 중요한 As a whole 전반적으로 Industry norm 산업 표준

Having a dog in the office/ had a positive effect/ on the general atmosphere, relieving stress and making everyone around happier. Pet presence may serve as a low-cost wellness solution [readily available to many organizations]. Have a positive effect on ~ 에 긍정적인 영향을 끼치다 relieve 없애주다, 덜어주다 Presence 존재 available 이용 가능한 ④ Having Pets: Well-being in the Workplace

13. Consider an innocent question [asked /years ago/ by a son to his father]: “Who invented the automobile?” Trying to be instructive, the father told his son that /in about 1886/ Karl Benz invented the automobile. “Wow, he must have been a real genius/ to figure out the engine, the brakes, the spark plugs, the wheels, and how everything worked together!” Instructive 유익한, 교육적인 Must have v-ed ~ 이었음에 틀림없다 Figure out 알아내다, 생각해내다

“Well, someone else invented the tires; I think it was Firestone. And then there was even the person [who invented the wheel....]” But then he experienced a moment of realization.

“I think I may have misled you. No one person invented all of the components of the automobile. Many people made significant discoveries [that led to the invention of the automobile].” May have v-ed ~ 이었을지도 모른다 Mislead 잘못 인도하다, 오해하게 하다 Significant 중요한, 상당한 discovery 발견 Lead to ~ 로 이어지다, 초래하다 =result in

“I think I may have misled you. No one person invented all of the components of the automobile. Many people made significant discoveries [that led to the invention of the automobile].” ⑤ One Great Invention, Many Inventors

14. We have all had the experience of suddenly noticing that a source of constant background noise, such as a distant jackhammer or music from a store, has just ceased ―yet we hadn’t noticed the sound while it was ongoing. Cease 중단되다, 중단시키다 Ongoing 계속 진행중인 Jackhammer 공기드릴

Your auditory areas were predicting its continuation, moment after moment, and as long as the noise didn’t change/ you paid it no attention. By ceasing, it violated your prediction and attracted your attention. Auditory 청각의 Predict 예측하다 Continuation 계속, 지속, 연속 As long as S V ~ S 가 V 하는 한 Violate 위반하다, 어기다

Here’s a historical example. Right after New York City stopped running elevated trains, people called the police/ in the middle of the night/ claiming that something woke them up. They tended to call/ around the time the trains used to run past their apartments. Elevated trains 고가 철도 열차 Used to v. ~ 하곤 했다 ① When a Noise Stops, You Notice It

15. You might have heard of such stories of expert intuition: the chess master [who walks past a street game and announces “White mates in three” without stopping], or the physician [who makes a complex diagnosis after a single glance at a patient]. Expert 전문가 intuition 직관 Physician 의사 diagnosis 진단 diagnose 진단하다

Expert intuition strikes us as magical, but it is not. Indeed, each of us performs feats of intuitive expertise many times each day. Most of us are pitch-perfect in detecting anger in the first word of a telephone call and recognize /as we enter a room/ that we were the subject of the conversation. Strike 치다, 갑자기 떠오르다,~ 라는 인상 을 주다 Feat 뛰어난 솜씨, 재능 Expertise 전문지식, 기술

Our everyday intuitive abilities are no less marvelous than the striking insights of an experienced chess master or physician ―only more common. Intuitive 직관적인 Marvelous 놀라운, 믿기 어려운, 신기한 Striking 두드러진 =remarkable Insight 통찰력, 직관 No less ~ than… … 보다 덜 ~ 하지 않은

Our everyday intuitive abilities are no less marvelous than the striking insights of an experienced chess master or physician ―only more common. ② Intuitive Expertise: Not Only for Experts

16. Several animal species help other injured animals survive. Dolphins need to reach the surface of the water to breathe. If a dolphin is wounded so severely that it cannot swim to the surface by itself, other dolphins group themselves under it, pushing it upward to the air. Wound 상처, 부상, 상처 입히다 Group 무리 지어 모으다, 무리가 되다

If necessary, they will keep doing this for several hours. The same kind of thing happens among elephants. A fallen elephant is likely to have difficulty breathing/ because of its own weight, or it may overheat in the sun. Be likely to v. ~ 하기 쉽다 Have difficulty (in) v-ing ~ 하는 데 어려움 을 겪다 Overheat 과열되다, 과열시키다

Many elephant experts have reported that when an elephant falls down, other members of the group try to raise it to its feet. ③ 동료를 돕는 동물의 습성

17. I’ll bet that if you’re in the habit of buying the morning paper, you skip the one directly on top of the pile. Instead, you lift up the top newspaper and pull out the one directly underneath it. Did you know that consciously or not, 72 percent of people do the same? Why? I’ll bet = I’m certain 틀림없이 ~ 이다 Lift up = raise Underneath … 의 밑 [ 아래 / 안 ] 에

Because we imagine that the second one from the top hasn’t been handled by countless fingertips and is therefore somehow cleaner than the one above it.

Ironically, though, after scanning the headlines, many of that same 72 percent of consumers replace that paper right where they found it, under the top one. So they all end up thumbing through the same newspaper [that has been touched over and over]. End up v-ing 결국 ~ 하게 되다 Thumb through ( 책 등을 ) 휙휙 넘겨보다 Over and over (again) 반복해서

Ironically, though, after scanning the headlines, many of that same 72 percent of consumers replace that paper right where they found it, under the top one. So they all end up thumbing through the same newspaper [that has been touched over and over]. ⑤ false belief of cleanliness in a pile of newspapers

18. It’s true that before puberty, kids don’t gain the same muscle from lifting weights [that a teen or adult would], but Dr. Avery Faigenbaum, a noted youth exercise specialist, points to studies [in which children as young as six have benefited from strength training] and says that, on average, kids show a 30 to 40 percent strength gain when they start lifting for the first time. Puberty 사춘기 Point to ~ 을 이유로 말하다, 나타내다

Muscles aren’t the only goal, of course; various studies have also shown that kids [who weight-train] have healthier bone density, body composition, and even resistance to injury. Bone density 골밀도 Body composition 신체 성분 Resistance 저항 ( 력 )

The risk of injury is, of course, one reason [parents worry about kids and weights], but as long as the little bodybuilders are /properly/ supervised to prevent overtraining and possible injury, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the President’s Council on Fitness say the rewards outweigh the risks. Properly 제대로, 적절히 supervise 감독, 지 도하다 Outweigh ~ 보다 더 중요하다 Out- ~ 보다 더 크다, 많다 outlive, outgrow

The risk of injury is, of course, one reason [parents worry about kids and weights], but as long as the little bodybuilders are /properly/ supervised to prevent overtraining and possible injury, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the President’s Council on Fitness say the rewards outweigh the risks. ③ merits of lifting weights at a young age

19. Across the developing world today, the “mobile health” revolution ― mobile phones [used as tools for healthcare] ― is responsible for a number of improvements. Responsible for ~ 에 책임이 있는, ~ 의 원인이 되는

Mobile phones are now used/ to connect patients to doctors, to monitor drug distribution, and to share basic health information [that isn’t available locally]. Mobile phones are tools [to send reminders about medication and appointments to patients]. Drug distribution 약품 유통 Locally 장소 [ 위치 ] 상으로, 가까이에 Reminder 상기시키는 [ 생각나게 하는 ] 것

The central problems of health sectors in poor places ― clinics without enough staff, patients in remote places, too few medications or inefficient distribution of them, and misinformation about vaccines and disease prevention ― will all find /at least/ partial solutions through connectivity. Connectivity 연결, 접속 가능성

20. Science fiction involves much more than shiny robots and fantastical spaceships. In fact, many of the most outlandish pieces of science fiction have their basis in scientific facts. Because a great deal of science fiction is rooted in science, it can be used/ to bring literature out of the English classroom and into the science classroom. Outlandish 이상한, 기이한 A great deal of = a lot of

Not only does science fiction help students see scientific principles in action, but it also builds their critical thinking and creative skills. As students read a science fiction text, they must connect the text with the scientific principles [they have learned]. Principle 원리, 원칙 in action 활동 ( 작동 ) 하는

Students can read a science fiction text and a nonfiction text [covering similar ideas] and compare and contrast the two. Cover 다루다 similar 비슷한 Compare 비교하다 contrast 대조하다, 대비시키다

Students can also build their creative skills by seeing scientific principles [used in a different way], possibly creating science fiction stories of their own or imagining new ways [to apply the knowledge and skills] [they have learned]. Apply 신청하다, 지원하다, 적용하다, 바르다

21. The match finished over an hour ago and there is no need [for me to feel especially under pressure]. I am tired, physically and emotionally, and I sit down to enjoy a cold drink, trying to make myself comfortable. But for some reason, I can’t switch off. Under pressure 스트레스를 받는 [ 압박감 을 느끼는 ] Switch off ( 비격식 ) 신경을 끄다

In my mind/ I go over every decision [I made]. I wonder what other referees will think of how I did. I am concerned about having made mistakes, and the objections of the spectators are still ringing in my ears. Go over 점검하다, 검토하다 Referee 심판 Spectator 관중 Objection 이의, 반대, 항의, 불만 Ring 귓전에 · 마음속에서 계속 울리다 [ 떠오 르다 ]

I keep telling myself: “Forget the game,” “My colleagues and I agreed on everything,” “On the whole, I did a good job.” And yet there are still concerns/ despite all my efforts [to brush them aside]. On the whole 전반적으로 Brush ~ aside ~ 을 털어내다, 무시하다

22. Because no plane, train or car could accommodate Sharyn’s delicate health needs, she had no other choice but to stay home while the rest of the family attended her son’s wedding without her. Accommodate 수용하다,( 요구에 ) 부응하다, 충족시키다 Delicate 연약한, 정교한 Have no other choice but to v.~ 할 수밖에 없다 = cannot choose but v. attend 참석하다

They left her with tender promises [to remember all the details, to take lots and lots of pictures, and to save her some wedding cake]. During her family’s absence, caregivers took care of her meals and personal needs, but Sharyn couldn’t shake off her blues and feelings of isolation. Tender 상냥한, 애정 어린 absence 부재 Caregiver 돌보는 사람 blues 우울한 기분 Isolation 고립, 분리, 격리, 고독

It wasn’t easy finding herself apart from her family at Christmas and missing the festivities of her son’s wedding. The hurt followed her as surely as the oxygen tube [trailing her wheelchair]. Festivity 축제행사, 축하행사 Wedding festivities 결혼 피로연 Trail 끌다, 끌리다, 뒤쫓다, 자국, 흔적

23. Moringa is a plant [that ranges in height from five to twelve meters] with an open, umbrella shaped crown, straight trunk. Native to a tropical climate, this leafy tree can survive almost anywhere in the world. Range from ~ to ~ 범위가 ~ 에서 ~ 까지 이르다 Crown 왕관 Trunk 나무의 몸통 Native to~ ~ 에 고유한

Clusters of white flowers are produced from this tree, which then develop into long narrow seed pods. The fruits(pods) are initially light green, slim and tender, eventually becoming dark green, firm and up to 120 cm long, depending on the variety. Pod ( 완두콩 따위의 ) 꼬투리 Depending on ~ 에 따라 Variety 다양성, 종류

Moringa cures malnutrition, contains over-the-top quantities of a host of vitamins and minerals. The dried powdered leaves were found to contain seventeen times the calcium of milk, nine times the protein of yogurt, and twenty- five times the iron in spinach. Malnutrition 영양실조 A host of 다수의 Over-the-top 정도가 지나친 iron 철분 Powdered 가루 [ 분말 ] 로 만든

24. Frank Conroy was an American author [born in New York, New York to an American father and a Danish mother]. He published five books, including the highly acclaimed memoir Stop-Time. Published in 1967, this ultimately made Conroy a noted figure in the literary world. Danish 덴마크 ( 인 ) 의 literary 문학 Acclaimed 극찬을 받은 memoir 회고록 Noted 주목 받는 figure 인물

Conroy graduated from Haverford College and was the director of the influential Iowa Writers’ Workshop at the University of Iowa for 18 years, from 1987 until In addition to writing, Conroy was an accomplished jazz pianist, winning a Grammy Award in In addition to~ ~ 이외에 Accomplished 기량이 뛰어난, 재주가 많은

Conroy died of colon cancer on April 6, 2005, in Iowa City, Iowa, at the age of 69. The Frank Conroy Reading Room in the Dey House was named in his honor. Colon cancer 대장암 In one’s honor … 에게 경의를 표하여 ; … 을 기념하여 ; … 을 축하하여 = in honor of