제 18 장 < 시제 일치와 화법 >

시제 일치 을 그대로 전달 서 내용만 전달 ◈ 화법(話法)과 시제 일치 ◈ ⊙ He said, “ I am busy.” (직접화법):남이 말한 내용 을 그대로 전달 ⊙ He said that he was busy.(간접화법):전달자 입장에 서 내용만 전달 시제 일치

A: He says(has said, will say) that she is(was, will be, 시제 일치 A: He says(has said, will say) that she is(was, will be, has been) happy. B: I think that he is rich.=> I thought that he was rich. He says that he helped the poor. => He said that he had helped the poor. C He said that the sun rises in the east. (불변진리) He told me that his school begins at 8:00. (사실) He said that he always goes to bed at ten. (습관) He said that World War II ended in 1945.(역사적) He says that he would fly to me if he had wings. =>He said that he would fly to me if he had wings. (가정법) I think(=>thought)that he must(=>must) be a Korean. (특정 조동사)

1. 평서문의 화법 전환 ◈< 단계적 변화에 注目 >◈ 1. 평서문의 화법 전환 ◈< 단계적 변화에 注目 >◈ He said to me, “ I saw this boy yesterday .” ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ ⓓ ⓔ He told me ⓐ (that) ⓑ he ⓒ had seen ⓓ that boy the day before. ⓔ {방법} ⓐ 전달 동사 변화 :say( said ) → say( said ) say to( said to ) → tell( told ) ⓑ 코머(,)와 인용부호(“ ”)를 없애고 접속사 that 사용 ⓒ 피전달문의 인칭 대명사 변화 ⓓ 시제 일치 ⓔ 부사,형용사,지시대명사 변화=>장소,시간 변화 때 {※ now → then ※ today → that day ※ ago → before ※ here → there ※ this → that ※ these → those ※ tomorrow → the next day(the following day) ※ yesterday → the day before(the previous day) }

He said to me, “I will come here tomorrow.” { 심 화 학 습 } ※ 직접 화법=> 간접 화법 (시간, 장소 변화에 注目) He said to me, “I will come here tomorrow.” (같은 장소, 같은 날) ( 다른 장소, 같은 날) ( 같은 장소, 다음 날) ( 같은 장소, 먼 훗날) ( 다른 장소, 먼 훗날) He told me that he would come here tomorrow. He told me that he would go there tomorrow. He told me that he would come here today. He told me that he would come here the next day. He told me that he would go there the next day.

She said to me, “ What are you reading now? ” She asked me then. 2. 의문문의 화법 전환 (1) 의문사 있는 의문문 She said to me, “ What are you reading now? ” She asked me then. what I was reading (2) 의문사 없는 의문문 He said to her, “ Do you really love me?” He said to me, “Can you hear what I am saying?” He asked her him. if(=whether) she really loved He asked me what he was saying. if I could hear {방법} ⓐ 전달 동사 변화 : say(to), said(to) → ask(ed) ⓑ 코머(,)와 인용부호(“ ”)를 없애고 (1)의문사 + S + V (2) if(= whether) + S + V ⓒ 피전달문의 인칭 대명사 변화 ⓓ 시제 일치 ⓔ 시간(장소)부사, 지시대명사 변화

He said to me, “ Open the window.” 3. 명령문의 화법 전환 (1) 명령문 He said to me, “ Open the window.” He said to them, “ Please, be quiet. ” He told (=ordered,asked) me the window. to open He asked them quiet. to be (2) 부정 명령문 The doctor said to me, “Don’t smoke too much.” The doctor advised me too much. not to smoke {방법} ⓐ 전달 동사 변화(내용):tell,ask,advise,order.. ⓑ 코머(,)와 인용부호(“ ”)를 없애고 to 부정사 로 연결(부정 명령문: not+to 부정사로 연결) ⓒ 시간(장소)부사, 지시대명사 변화

* 기타 문장의 화법 1)감탄문: a. 전달동사:cry(out),exclaim,shout, say.. b. (1) 감탄문 어순 (or) (2) that + 평서문 He said, “ How kind she is!” =>(1) =>(2) She said, “ What a pretty toy it is!” He exclaimed how kind she was. He said(exclaimed) that she was very kind. She cried(out) what a pretty toy it was. She said(cried) that it was a very pretty toy. 2)권유(Let’s~) : a. 전달 동사: suggest, propose ... b. that we (should) + 원형 He said to us, “ Let’s go camping.” => He proposed that we (should) go camping.