Ch. 11 . The Passive

11-1 Mary helped the boy. The boy was helped by Mary. 3형식 수동태가능 S V(과거) O The boy was helped by Mary. So be+pp by+Os 3형식 수동태가능 An accident happened. (1형식) 수동태 불가능 (none)

S V O (V 가 일반동사이면..) = So be+pp by Os (be는 시제와 인칭에 따라 change) Mary helped the boy. = The boy _______ by Mary. 시제는 과거 (helped), 주어는 the boy (3인칭 단수)--- was가 되고 그 뒤에 pp (helped)가 옴. The boy was helped by Mary.

S V O (V 가 ~ing이면..) = So be+being(불변) pp by Os (be는 시제와 인칭에 따라 change) Mary is helping the boy. The boy is being helped by Mary. Mary was helping the boy. The boy was being helped by Mary.

S 조+ V O (V 가 조동사와 함께면..) = So 조+be(불변)+pp by Os (be는 시제와 인칭에 상관없이 불변) Mary will help the boy. The boy will be helped by Mary. Tom will open the door. The door will be opened by Tom.

S V (have/has pp) O (V 가 현재/과거완료 이면 S V (have/has pp) O (V 가 현재/과거완료 이면..) = So have/has/had been(불변)+pp by Os (been는 시제와 인칭에 상관없이 불변) Tom has opened the door. The door has been opened by Tom.

일반동사/ be 동사 + v Be pp Be + v~ing Be being pp 조동사 + v 조 be pp Have/has pp Have/has been pp

수동태의 부정문은 be 동사나 조동사 뒤에 not을 붙인다. The birdseed wasn’t eaten by the greedy brown squirrel. Hyeji will not be allowed to join the school dance club. Be not pp 조 be not pp

수동태의 의문문은 be동사나 조동사를 문장 의 맨 앞에 놓는다. Was Michael taken to the hospital after the accident? Should the project be done by Friday? 의문사가 있는 문장의 수동태 What is this fruit called in English? Where can the hidden treasure be found? By whom was the building attacked?

Be동사 + S + pp ~. 조동사 + S + be + pp ~. 의문사 + Be동사 + S + pp ~ Be동사 + S + pp ~ ? 조동사 + S + be + pp ~ ? 의문사 + Be동사 + S + pp ~ ? 의문사 + 조동사 + S + be + pp ~ ?

TEST The jeweler is repairing my watch. My watch is being repaired by the jeweler. 2) Liam is going to teach the kids how to ride a horse this summer. The kids are going to be taught how to ride a horse this summer by Liam. 3) Jason is painting a commemorative mural on the wall of the school. A commemorative mural is being painted on the wall of the school by Jason.

문장의 형태에 따른 수동태 다음의 같이 목적어를 갖지 않는 동사들은 수 동태로 바꿔 쓸 수 없다. Appear, become, belong to, die, disappear, fall, happen, occur, rise John appeared on local television. (was appeared로 쓰면 틀림) The accident happened right in front of us. (was happened로 쓰면 틀림)

목적어를 갖는 동사라도 다음의 뜻으로 쓸 때 는 수동태로 바꿔 쓰지 않는다. It cost me ten dollars 목적어를 갖는 동사라도 다음의 뜻으로 쓸 때 는 수동태로 바꿔 쓰지 않는다. It cost me ten dollars. I was cost ten dollars by it. (x) I have a book to read. A book is had to read by me. (x) The twins resemble their grandfather. Their grandfather is resembled by the twins. (x)

간접목적어와 직접목적어가 있는 문장은 두 가지 형태의 수동태 문장을 만들 수 있다 간접목적어와 직접목적어가 있는 문장은 두 가지 형태의 수동태 문장을 만들 수 있다. Jenna’s grandmother gave her a book. Jenna was given a book by her grandmother. A book was given to Jenna by her grandmother.

직접목적어를 주어로 하여 만든 수동태 문장 은 간접목적어 앞에 주로 to나 for 등의 전치 사를 쓴다 직접목적어를 주어로 하여 만든 수동태 문장 은 간접목적어 앞에 주로 to나 for 등의 전치 사를 쓴다. To를 쓰는 동사: bring, give, lend, pass, send, show, teach, tell…… The picture were shown to her friends by her mother. The flower was sent to her by him this morning.

For를 쓰는 동사: build, buy, cook, find, get, make… For를 쓰는 동사: build, buy, cook, find, get, make…. Pajeon was made for my Australian friends by me. The sand castle was built for David by his father. (지각/사역v+목+동사원형) My mother made me visit my grandfather’s house after class. I was made to visit my grandfather’s house after class by my mother.

(지각동사+목적어+분사) We saw Yuna skating. Yuna was seen skating (by us) (지각동사+목적어+분사) We saw Yuna skating. Yuna was seen skating (by us). By 대신 다른 전치사를 쓰는 경우 (with, at, to, in 등) Joe’s eyes were filled with tears. (by) My sister is taking care of my cat

be associated with be bored with/by Be covered with/by Be crowded with Be disappointed with/in Be equipped with Be filled with Be provided with Be pleased with Be satisfied with

1. Tonight, dinner will be taken care of by me. 2. The exam papers were passed out silently by the teacher. 3. Unfortunately, the house chores cannot be put off forever by us. 4. My pet was almost run over by a bicycle courier downtown today. 5. Jacob’s motorcycle was taken away by his mom after she saw him riding without a helmet.

Will be sent Given Built

현재분사 / 과거분사 현재분사 과거분사 형태 동사원형 + ~ing 동사원형 + ~ed 의미 능동, 진행 수동, 완료 쓰임 함께 쓴 명사가 동작을 하는 주체 a sleeping baby 함께 쓴 명사가 동작을 당하는 대상 broken glasses 함께 쓴 명사가 감정을 느끼게 하는 원인 an amazing story 놀라운 이야기 (놀라게 하는 이야기) 문장에서 (cause of the feeling) Indian art is interesting. The news was surprising. 함께 쓴 명사가 감정을 느끼는 주체 an amazed girl (놀란 소녀) 문장에서 (how a person feels) I am interested in Indian art. Kate was surprised.

현재분사 현재분사는 능동이나 진행의 의미를 나타낸 다. 함께 쓴 명사가 동작을 하는 것이면 현재 분사(ing)를 쓴다. The barking dog makes me scared. (The dog is barking) A crying baby can break a parent’s heart. (The baby is crying)

과거분사 과거분사는 수동이나 완료의 의미를 나타낸 다. 함께 쓴 명사가 동작을 당하는 것이면 과 거분사를 쓴다. Many children were injured by the broken glass. (Someone else broke the glass) I saw an abandoned car on the street last night. (Someone else abandoned the car)

현재분사 (cause of the feeling) She told me the ______(shock) news. (shocking) The movie was very ______ (excite). (exciting) The lecture was ______ (bore). (boring)

과거분사 (how a person feels) I was really _______ (shock). (shocked) We were so ______ (excite). (excited) The students were _____ (bore). (bored)

현재분사 vs. 동명사 현재분사와 동명사는 형태는 같지만 역할이 다르다. 현재분사는 명사를 수식하고, 동명 사는 명사와 결합하여 하나의 합성어를 만 든다. 현재분사 (~ing, ~하는) 동명사 (~ing, ~하기위한) a sleeping baby (잠자는 아기) waiting people (기다리는 사람들) a swimming fish (헤엄치는 물고기) a sleeping bag (잠자기 위한 주머니, 침낭) a waiting room (기다리기 위한 방, 대기실) a swimming pool (수영하기위한 풀, 수영장)