수동태 (passive Voice)

능동태를 수동태로 바꾸는 방법 1. 능동태의 목적어-> 수동태의 주어 2. 능동태의 동사 -> be +p.p. 3. 능동태의 주어 -> by + 목적격 you I Love You are loved by me

수동태의 시제 능동태 수동태 I clean my room. My room is cleaned by me. 현재 I clean my room. My room is cleaned by me. 과거 I cleaned my room. My room was cleaned by me. 미래 I will clean my room. My room will be cleaned by me. 현재완료 I have cleaned my room. My room has been cleaned by me. 과거완료 I had cleaned my room. My room had been cleaned by me 미래완료 I will have cleaned my room. My room will have been cleaned by me 현재진행 I am cleaning my room. My room is being cleaned by me. 과거진행 I was cleaning my room. My room was being cleaned by me.

목적어가 명사절인 경우 1) “It~ that..."구문으로 만들기 OR 2) that절 속의 주어를 수동태의 주어로 한다. • They say that he is a hero. -> It is said that he is a hero. -> He is said to be a hero. cf) 이때, that절 속의 동사의 시제가 주절보다 앞서면 “to have p.p." 형태가 되어야 한다. • People believe that she was guilty. -> It is believed that she was guilty. -> She is believed to have been guilty.

동사구의 수동태 laugh at, make fun of, look up to 등의 동사구는 수동태에서 한 단어처럼 취급한다. 수동태에서 한 단어처럼 취급한다. • They laughed at me. -> I was laughed at by them. • All of them look up to him. -> He is looked up to by all of them.

II. 4형식의 수동태 4형식 (S+ V+ O1+ O2)은 두 개의 목적어를 가지므로, 두 가지 형태의 수동태가 가능하다. • I promised him a reward. -> He was promised a reward. -> A reward was promised to him. 2) 간접목적어 앞의 전치사 • She gave me a chance. -> A chance was given to me. • He bought me a nice bag. -> A nice bag was bought for me. ▶ to가 붙는 경우 give, hand, offer, pay, teach, show, promise, tell... ▶ for가 붙는 경우 build, buy, choose, cook, do, find, get, make...

주의해야 할 4형식의 수동태 ▶ 직접목적어 (~을) 만을 주어로 하는 수동태 문장이 가능한 동사들. • They sent him a reply. -> A reply was sent to him. ( O ) / He was sent a reply. ( X ) • Mom baked me a chocolate cake. -> A chocolate cake was baked for me. ( O ) I was baked a chocolate cake. ( X ) -> make, pass, read, get, sell, write, buy, send, carry, sing, throw, reach… ▶ 간접목적어 (,,.에게)만을 주어로 하는 수동태 문장이 가능한 동사들. • Everybody envies you your talent. -> You are envied your talent by everybody. ( O ) Your talent is envied you by everybody. ( X ) -> envy, forgive, save, spare, answer...

5형식의 수동태 1) 5형식 (S+V+O+O.C) -> 목적어를 수동태의 주어로 • They called the baby Snow White. -> The baby was called Snow White. 2) 사역동사 (make, help) 나 지각동사가 포함된 문장이 수동태가 되면 V -> to V 으로 바뀐다. • He made me care for the baby -> I was made to care for the baby by him. • I saw the police officer enter the house. -> The police officer was seen to enter the house. 3) 사역동사 have와 let은 수동태로 쓰이지 못한다. • She let me do the dishes. -> I was let to do the dished. ( X ) I was allowed to do the dishes. ( O )

의문문의 수동태 1) 의문문의 수동태 ① 의문사가 없는 경우 • We are ruled by fate or chance. -> Are we ruled by fate or chance? (우리는 운명에 의해 지배되는가, 아니면 우연에 의해 지배되는가?) ② 의문사가 있는 경우 • When did he take this picture? -> He took this picture (when) : (평서문) -> This picture was taken (when) : (수동태) -> When was this picture taken? (의문문 수동태)

명령문의 수동태 2) 명령문의 수동태 ① 긍정명령문 Let + O + be p.p. • Open the window. -> Let the window be opened. ② 부정명령문 i) Don’t + let + O + be p.p. ii) Let + O + not be p.p. • Don't waste your money. -> i) Don’t let your money be wasted. ii) Let your money not be wasted.

주의해야 할 수동태 1) 조동사가 있는 수동태 (조동사 +be p.p) • Your ID can’t be changed. -> 조동사뒤에는 동사원형이 오므로 항상 be 동사의 원형인 be가 온다. 2) 수동태로 사용될 수 없는 타동사 • The beer drinks well and smoothly. (그 맥주는 부드럽게 잘 마셔진다. -> 속뜻은 is drunk) • The banana peels well. (바나나는 껍질이 잘 벗겨진다) 형태는 능동태이지만 의미는 수동인 자동사의 용법을 말다. 그 외, escape, cost, resemble, become (잘 어울리다) 동사 -> 수동태 X

주의해야 할 수동태 3) 동작수동태 vs. 상태 수동태 • The store is opened at 9 a.m. (그 상점은 오전 9시에 문을 연다) -> 동작 • The store is painted green. (그 상점은 초록색 페인트가 칠해져 있다) -> 상태 ※ ‘동작’을 나타내는 수동태임을 분명히 밝히거나 동작’의 의미를 강조해 주기 위해 be 대신 Become, get, grow, turn 등의 동사를 쓸 수 있다. • She got hired last week. (그녀는 지난주에 채용되었다) • The pictures grew discolored by sun. (그 그림들은 햇볕에 색이 바래져 갔다)

관용적 문장의 수동태 (by 이외의 전치사를 쓰는 수동태) 숙어 뜻 be covered with ~로 덮여져 있다 be surprised at ~에 놀라다 be satisfied with ~에 만족해 하다 be pleased with ~에 기뻐하다 be interested in ~에 흥미가 있다 be known to be known as be known by be known for ~에게 알려져 있다 ~ 로 알려져 있다 ~ 에 의해 알 수 있다 ~ 로 유명하다 be disappointed in be disappointed with ~ (사람)에 실망하다 ~ (사물)에 실망하다 be caught in ~에 갇히다

관용적 문장의 수동태 (by 이외의 전치사를 쓰는 수동태) 숙어 뜻 be packed with ~로 가득 차다 be divided into ~로 나누어지다 be dressed in ~을 입고 있다 be charged with ~로 기소되다 be concerned about ~을 걱정하다 be tired with be tired of ~으로 지치다 ~에 싫증나다, 짜증나다 be absorbed in ~에 몰두하다 be contented with ~에 만족하다 cf) be content with be composed of ~으로 구성되다 cf) consist of

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